Keep Sharing as the Debate on essays

Continue Sharing as the Debate on papers There is a war seething all through the music business at this moment. Shockingly it isn't about which huge star can sell the most records by creating the best music. Rather, this fight doesnt truly include any large names whatsoever. It is truth be told, about the little person, the purchaser, and all the more explicitly the downloader. You know, the person who sits before his PC the entire day and late evening trading records and downloading tracks from various sites. These individuals have been around for much longer than a large number of us understand. Anyway it was hard to track down music five or ten years back. Just effortlessly of interface of destinations, for example, Napster, Kazaa, and Morpheus did their numbers increment to a level that caused worry with numerous craftsmen just as the Record Industry Association of America. These gatherings were worried that this blast of Peer-to-Peer document sharing was radically decreasing their benefits and made a push to have these destinations closed down and their clients halted, or if nothing else made to pay for their utilization. They feel these destinations are unlawful and corrupt. While the lawful issues relating to this case are hazy and well past the domain of my understanding, I can address the profound quality of this issue and feel emphatically that document sharing ought to remain completely lawful, and that record sharing, except for a little level of the individuals that utilization it, is good in reality. Also the way that it really helps more craftsmen, more regularly than it impedes them. Record sharing may really help the music business by cultivating the normal choice of the best specialists while compelling the phony and unskilled performers out of the business. This entire catastrophe could have been evaded if the music business would have grasp the idea of document sharing and utilized it as another device to disseminate their item. Rather, they decided to overlook it, either out of dr ead or sheer numbness and it has now feste... <!

Ipt Hsc Essay Example

Ipt Hsc Essay Data Processes and Technology Study Notes Project Management ? Undertaking Management is an arranged and progressing process that controls all the improvement assignments and assets all through an activities advancement ? A Project Plan sorts out the undertaking by determining who will carry out the responsibility, what must be done, how the errand is done, what assets are required, and what is not out of the ordinary ? Undertaking MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES ? Undivided attention: Listening to individuals is the primary wellspring of basic data required for an undertaking to run easily. Listening isn't equivalent to hearing; to listen requires consideration and association ? Reflecting: Involves rehashing back a portion of the speakers catchphrases †showing that you are intrigued and might want to know and see more ? Rewording: Listener utilizes their own words to clarify what they think the speaker just said. The audience reflects emotions just as importance in their reaction ? Summing up: Listener affirms their comprehension in the speakers mind, and thus assists with finishing the discussion ? Explaining: Listener poses inquiries or offers expressions that urge the speaker to give progressively itemized clarifications ? Inspirational: Encourage the speaker and fortify in their psyche that you are for sure tuning in and are keen on what they need to state ? Compromise: Need to oversee strife with the goal that issues are settled properly for all concerned, and to the greatest advantage of the undertaking ? Arrangement Skills: Negotiation ought to be an amicable trade where contrasts are contended legitimately and in a contemplated way. We will compose a custom article test on Ipt Hsc explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Ipt Hsc explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Ipt Hsc explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer This can even forestall circumstances driving towards clashes ? Group BUILDING SKILLS ? â€Å"Tuckman† Stages of Team Development: ? 1. Shaping †Team individuals are just barely becoming more acquainted with one another ? 2. Raging †People are starting to feel good with one another ? 3. Norming †Team individuals currently perceive their disparities ? 4. Performing †The group is presently working as a powerful, gainful unit ? Group Building †building a group of at least two individuals with complimentary aptitudes, practices and characters who are focused on accomplishing a shared objective ? Favorable circumstances †The individuals inside the group are considerably more gainful, and the frameworks they create are of higher caliber ? Detriments †Financial misfortune, business misfortune and botched chances †incapable to comply with time constraints, produce quality work and work inside budgetary requirements ? Task PLAN INCLUDES: ? Gantt Chart: Indicates when assignments should be finished by ? Diary and Diary Entries: The journal is a record of arrangements, occasions and gatherings. The diary is a nitty gritty record of what occurred at each gathering, how assignments have been allotted, and when undertakings are to be finished ? Financing Management Plan: Record of the booking and costing of undertakings, and different costs ? Correspondence Management Plan: Record of when gatherings are to be held all through the improvement of the data framework ? SOCIAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES ? The workplace, including wellbeing and security issues, for example, ergonomic structure of furniture, suitable lightning, and fitting clamor levels ? Security of information and data during improvement ? Copyright issues including who will retrain the copyrights for the new framework ? Regard for the privileges of necessities and individual colleagues â€, for example, security ? 1) UNDERSTANDING THE PROBLEM ? Frameworks Analyst: An individual who examinations frameworks, decides necessities and plans new data frameworks ? Necessities: Features, properties or practices that a framework must need to accomplish its motivation ? Key Question 1: What are the issues with the current framework? ? Key Question 2: How does the current framework work? A comprehension of the activities of the current framework must be comprehended ? Key Question 3: How would you distinguish the issues with the current framework? ? Answer to Question 3: Interview and Survey PARTICIPANTS in the current framework †They can distinguish issues and frequently they additionally have thoughts concerning taking care of these issues ? Answer to Question 3: Interview and Survey USERS in the current framework †Most data frameworks are principally worried about satisfying the necessities of its clients, so their perspectives and suppositions on the frameworks are indispensable ? Model: Needs to be created, and is delivered to explain how the framework functions, just as explain the idea of the issue, and speak to how the new framework may function ? After all the data has been assembled, a REQUIREMENTS REPORT is delivered †An announcement about the reason/prerequisites of the new data framework ? A necessities report incorporates points and destinations of the framework, and how it will HELP the association ? 2) MAKING DECISIONS/PLANNING ? Monetary: to decide if the framework is reasonable. This includes cost/advantage examination to decide both beginning expenses to actualize the framework, and afterward repeating expenses to keep up the framework ? Operational: to decide if a framework will be usable by the objective clients. The clients must have the option to viably utilize, or to work, the framework ? Specialized: to figure out what equipment and programming (Information Technology) is as of now being utilized, and afterward to decide if the equipment and programming to construct the framework exists ? Planning: to decide the time span in which a framework must be created. To decide if it will have the option to be finished inside the predefined time allotment, it is valuable to utilize venture arranging instruments, for example, Gantt Charts ? Conventional (Structured): AS the name recommends, includes organized, bit by bit arranges, which each must be finished before continuing to the subsequent stage. †1. Understanding the issue, 2. Arranging, 3. Structuring, 4. Executing, 5. Testing, Evaluating and Maintaining ? Redistributing: Involves utilizing another organization to create portions of the framework, or even the total framework ? Prototyping: A CIRCULAR way to deal with frameworks advancement, and new models of the framework are continually being made in a circle before usage: Designing Testing/Evaluating Understanding the Problem Designing†¦. The models in the end develop to a point where they become the last arrangement, and are basically prepared to move unaware of what's going on, and for the following stage execution ? Customisation: A current framework is tweaked to suit the necessities and prerequisites of the new framework. In all actuality †most business frameworks are tweaked adaptations of existing frameworks ? Member: Means that similar individuals who will utilize and work the last framework build up the framework ? Spry: A methodology that places accentuation in the group building up the framework as opposed to following a predefined organized improvement process ? 3) DESIGNING SOLUTIONS/DESIGNING ? Configuration Tools: ? Framework Flowcharts are a diagrammatic way or speaking to both the progression of information and rationale through a data framework [pic] ? Information Flow Diagrams depict the way information takes through a framework. No rationale, and no endeavor is made to show the planning of occasions [pic] Context Diagrams are utilized to speak to whole data frameworks [pic] ? A Data Dictionary contains a thorough depiction of each field in one of the databases related with the data framework. It generally incorporates (4): field name, information type, field size, and a depiction of the reason [pic] ? Storyboards give a general outline of the data framework. They are utilized to record the screens utilized in a framework, and the stream between them. ? Storyboards accentuate the UI of a framework instead of the capacities performed by the framework ? Straight Storyboard: modules are organized in a grouping [pic] ? Progressive Storyboard: modules are organized in plummeting levels [pic] ? Choice Tables speak to every conceivable condition and activities that will result |CONDITIONS |RULES |-|-|-| |Mark = 80 |Y |N | |Mark = 60 and =45 and

Explanatory Styles and Their Role in Stress

Explanatory Styles and Their Role in Stress Stress Management Management Techniques Print Explanatory Styles and Their Role in Stress By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on February 13, 2020 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living Betsie Van Der Meer / Taxi / Getty Images Your explanatory style affects your life in ways you may not realize. It can minimize your stress response or exacerbate it. It can keep you feeling safe in socially dangerous situations, or endangered in relatively safe ones. It can motivate you when youre faced with challenges or leave you feeling vulnerable to them. Psychologists use the term explanatory style to describe how people explain the events of their lives. When something happens, our explanatory style is part of how we process it, attach meaning to it, and assess it as a threat or a challenge in our lives.  Its part self-talk and part self-perception, and it affects stress levels in multiple ways. Aspects of Explanatory Style There are three facets of how people can explain a situation to themselves. Each one can lean toward optimism or pessimism: Stable vs. Unstable This has to do with how you perceive the permanence of a situation. Is it changing across time or unchanging? Do you expect things to get better or worse, or stay exactly as they are for a long time?  This can make a difference in how stressful something seems.  If you are taking a stressful class in school, you at least know that the class will be over in a few months (whereas a stressful job may be something to deal with for years). Global vs. Local Is a stressor universal throughout your life (that is, pervasive)? Or is it specific to a part of your life?  A good example of this is the feeling of having good or bad luck.  If you feel yourself to be unlucky (bad luck pervades throughout your life), one negative experience may seem like an omen that more bad things are to come.  Likewise, if you attribute a poor performance at work as being due to something global like a perceived inability to do the job well, one failure may seem like a sign of more failures to come. Someone who views one poor performance as being a sign of a bad day or lack of sleepâ€"something more local and less globalâ€"will have an easier time shaking off one failure. Internal vs. External Do you see the cause of an event as within yourself (personalization) or outside yourself?  If you are having a difficult day and you see it as being your fault, youll feel more stressed than if you see it as due to factors other than you.  Likewise, when you are facing conflict with others, seeing the problem as being rooted in something that is their problem rather than your fault can help you to take things less personally and feel less hurt.   If many people have the same complaints about you, it helps to look at what they are saying to assess whether there is something you may want to change. But generally, it helps to know that many of peoples complaints can have more to do with them than with you. Explanatory Style and Your Stress Levels Explanatory styles affect how we perceive the world, which can affect our experience of stress as well as our reactions to our stressors. If we have a positive explanatory style, we may feel less stressed by challenging experiences because a positive explanatory style can minimize the perceived severity of stressorsâ€"they seem like theyre not such a big deal, will be over soon, are not our fault, and will not necessarily recur. Negative explanatory styles tend to create more stress in life  and can make our stressors feel more threatening. As you may have guessed, optimists tend to have more positive explanatory stylesâ€"ones that minimize stressful situations as unstable, local, and external and take credit for positive experiences as being more stable, global, and internal.   Pessimists tend to see things in the opposite way, which can make stress seem like a bigger deal than it may need to be, and expands stressful feelings and even, research shows, symptoms of depression. Studies also show that people with negative explanatory styles may have more trouble recovering from heart transplants and other stressful life events. Change Your Explanatory Style Explanatory styles can be altered with attention and practice. You will need to learn to recognize your own cognitive distortions and practice cognitive restructuring techniques to change those distortions. Doing so can lead to a change in explanatory styles from a negative explanatory style to a more positive one. 5 Steps to Becoming More of an Optimist

Mesopotamia And Its Impact On Ancient Civilization

Mesopotamia, or â€Å"land between the rivers† as the name translates to in Greek, is exactly as it states; in the region of southwestern Asia, the land itself is named for it s initial position between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. However, Mesopotamia can be defined as having a reach into what is now Syria, Turkey and most of Iraq (History of Mesopotamia, 2016). This ancient civilization houses one of the earliest cities throughout human history, appearing around 3500 BC, though human settlement looks to have arrived some time before. From the many achievements that stemmed from this great society, a number of conflicts and significant warfare follow suit as this ancient culture would eventually fade and fall among the ranks as a historical mark in the ongoing timeline of humanity. Often time referred to as â€Å" The Cradle of Civilization†, Mesopotamia consisted of plains to the north and flourished jungles and aquatic life to the south. For their other resources such as, timber, stones, and metals, they had to be imported from East of the civilization. Cities developed solely around the rivers, though expanded further out than just the area between the two watercourses, giving them an advantage for agriculture needs such as irrigation. Mesopotamia s geographical placement was a complicated matter due to inconsistencies with the river Tigris would later prove to conflict with the nearby inhabitants. Tigris is a rough, fast flowing and harsh river, establishing itself to beShow MoreRelatedHow Did the Geographic Features of Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia Impact Civilization Development?1786 Words   |  8 Pagesimpacted a civilizations development in great measures. Depending on the resources available or the detriments present due to certain topographical characteristics like rivers or deserts, a civilization could flourish or collapse. By studying the geographic features of growing societies like the Nile, Euphrates, and Tigris Rivers as we ll as the Mediterranean Sea of Egypt and Mesopotamia, the link between developing cultures and geography will be examined through sources, including Egypt: Ancient CultureRead MoreEssay on Compare and Contrast Egypt and Mesopotamia901 Words   |  4 Pagesdeveloped around the Nile River, while Mesopotamia developed between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Egypt and Mesopotamia grew into complex civilizations. Politically, both Egypt and Mesopotamia had a government with one main ruler, but Egypt had a centralized government with a pharaoh, while Mesopotamia had a decentralized government with a king. Socially, both civilizations were patriarchal, but Egypt was more lenient towards women while Mesopotamia was stricter. The political and socialRead MoreMesopotamia, Egypt and China Essay871 Words   |  4 PagesThe civilizations of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and China were all different but were also developed similar ways of doing things. The political, economic and intellectual outlooks of these ancient peoples say a lot about their ways of life. The religious views of Egypt and Mesopotamia were rather different. II. Politics The political thinking of these ancient civilizations definitely had their differences and also their similarities. A. Mesopotamia Mesopotamia was divided into city-statesRead MoreEssay On Ancient Egypt And Mesopotamia867 Words   |  4 Pages Though most ancient civilizations settled on rivers, each one tended to be different due to the characteristics of their nearby rivers. Two civilizations that differed significantly from one another were the civilizations of Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt. Not only are the rivers of Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt seemingly perfect to compare, but the two civilizations also existed around the same time as one another; meaning that the overall impact of their respective rivers on their societies canRead MoreDifferences Between Mesopotamia And Egypt1337 Words   |  6 Pages Although Mesopotamia and Egypt are similar in many ways, they also have many differences. This essay will point out the differences and similarities of how these civilizations were governed, how the geography affected the people of these civilizations and the outlook these people had. Geography helped to define both Mesopotamia and Egypt, but Egypt, without a doubt had an easier lifestyle and definitely not as difficult as Mesopotamia. Egypt was mostly cut off from the entire world by the environmentRead More Mesopotamia Urbanization Essay1389 Words   |  6 PagesIn ancient times, Mesopotamia was known as the â€Å"Land between rivers†. The two main rivers that ran parallel to each other in Mesopotamia were called the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The Tigris River was the more unpredictable river to the East of the Euphrates River and the second largest river in the region. The Euphrates River is the larger of the two rivers and is located to the West of the Tigris river. Both rivers flowed from Eastern Turkey all the way to the Persian Gulf (Tigris-EuphratesRead MoreChange over Time Essay: Mesopotamia from 2000 Bce to Current Day1078 Words   |  5 Pagesover Time Essay: Mesopotamia from 2000 BCE to Current Day The earliest civilization in Asia arose around 3500 BCE in Mesopotamia meaning land between the rivers because of its convenient location between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. This river valley regions rich soil and access to waterways made early civilization thrive on agriculture and trade. Although much has changed since its beginnings, the Mesopotamian River Valley has continued to grow and develop as a civilization to this day. DuringRead MoreSumerian vs. Egyptian Civilizations: Political Structure Religion Society and Culture820 Words   |  3 PagesDescribe the ancient Sumerian and Egyptian civilizations in terms of political structure, religion, society, and culture. Account for the similarities and differences between them. Despite the fact that ancient Sumerian and Egyptian civilizations grew up rather close together, both civilizations evolved in vastly different ways. The influence of geography cannot be underestimated. Although both civilizations were located in what is now the Middle East, ancient Sumerians lived in a constant stateRead MoreHistory And Evolution Of The Modern World922 Words   |  4 Pageshave a civilization, the highest form of human organization. In an organization, the living biotic creatures are given the ability to sustain and eventually assemble what they consider to be modern life. In ancient culture, prehistoric Mesopotamian and Egyptian cultures created what they believed to be a civilization. Through extensive use of resource and desire to evolve in humanity, both civilizations succeeded in leaving impact. However, Within Mesopotamian society, the long lasting impact of theirRead MoreThe Most Influential Innovators Of The Ancient World Essay1510 Words   |  7 PagesM esopotamia was once a vast fertile, green landscape with two mighty rivers, the Tigris and the Euphrates, running from the north to the south flowing into the Persian Sea. Sandy river valleys covered most of the south and mountain ranges dotted the north. This land was also known as the Fertile Crescent. Mesopotamia is one of the first major of civilization along with others that sprung up along major rivers around the world at approximately the same time. Mesopotamia was home to the Sumerians

Structural and Postmodern Social Work Theories - 2765 Words

Critical social work theory does not hold one single definition; rather it refers to an expansive range of theories that a share similar orientation. Critical social work is committed to working with and for oppressed populations to achieve social transformation. Critical social work recognizes that large scale social processes Ââ€" namely those associated with class, race and gender Ââ€" fundamentally contribute to the personal and social issues social workers encounter in practice (Healy, 2001). The core mission of critical social work is to promote social justice through social work practice and policy making. Critical social work draws on structural and postmodern approaches. Similarities and differences exist between these approaches in†¦show more content†¦Through collective action and emphasizing solidarity among the oppressed, a structural approach links the personal with the political, making it possible for people to consider their personal experience of oppressi on within a broader political understanding (Mullaly, 1997). Alternatively, Postmodern approaches focus on discourse analysis and discursive processes (Chambon and Irving, 1994). Postmodern critical social work approaches tend to focus less on targeting change at the broader political/structural level (Allan, 2003, p.57). The language of dominant discourses is analyzed for its potential to marginalize individuals and groups and prevent their rights and needs from being met (Allan, 2003, p.60). The difference in emphasis between the structural and postmodern approaches on where social workers should focus their attention and actions to bring about change illustrate the tension between diversity and solidarity, or mutual interdependence (Allan, 2003, p.58). Both approaches are committed to change-oriented ways of working, holding particular attention to the socio-political and cultural contexts in which people or issues are situated, and to workings of power through ideologies or discourses (Allan, 2003, p.58). Structural social work views social problems as arising from a specific societal context, that being liberal/neo-conservative capitalism, rather than from the failings of individuals (Mullaly, 1997). StructuralShow MoreRelatedEssay Sociology676 Words   |  3 Pages For each, what are the key tenets? How does each explain how society works? Functionalist Perspectives† also known as Structural-Functional Paradigm†- â€Å"The sociological approach that views society as a stable, orderly system. According to this perspective, a society is composed of interrelated parts, each of which serves a function and (ideally) contributes to the overall stability of the society. Societies develop social structures, or institutions that persist because they play a part in helpingRead MoreTheoretical Perspectives Of Abortion879 Words   |  4 Pagesbe examined by the three theoretical perspectives; Structural Functionalism, Conflict Theory, and Postmodern Theory. This essay explains what the three theoretical perspectives are and how they view the social issue of abortion. Structural Functionalism states that everything in society serves a purpose, whether it is positive or negative. Structuralists look at the bigger picture of culture. The positive aspects of abortion, from the structural functionalists’ point of view, are that it allows womenRead MoreRadical Criminological Theories Of Conflict Theory2262 Words   |  10 Pagesconflict theory assumes that society is based primarily on conflict between competing interest groups. Some current examples of this would be the all lives movement versus the black lives movement, and republicans versus democrats. Usually, in these cases one group is more dominant than the other as it has assumed more power versus the more subordinate group. Conflict theory originated with the work of Karl Marx in the mid-1800s. Marx understood human society in terms of conflict between social classesRead MoreCanadian Social Work Practice : A New Horizon Of Learning Essay1660 Words   |  7 PagesCanadian Social Work P ractice: A New Horizon of Learning My clear and definite understanding of critical theories and postmodern thoughts provides me significant and appropriate frameworks to practice as a progressive social worker in Canadian context (Morley, 2003). My exploration of reflective practice and the fundamentals of critical self reflection approach enhanced my understanding of specific client situations. Moreover, my learning about anti-racist and anti-oppressive practice helpsRead MoreNarrative Therapy1612 Words   |  7 Pagesnarrative therapy which gained popularity in the 1990’s (Biggs Hinton-Bayre, 2008). In developing narrative therapy White and Epston were influenced by many of their peers. These peers included leading figures such as post modernist Michael Foucault, social scientist Gregory Bateson, and cognitive psychologist Jerome Bruner to name a few (Biggs Hinton-Bayre, 2008). As one can see these are individuals with varying backgrounds and specialties. To provide a brief overview of narrative therapy it is aRead Morecheat sheet1448 Words   |  6 PagesWright Mills, the beginner’s mind from Bernard McGrane, and the idea of culture shock from anthropology. Explain what all three of these concepts have in common. Response: All three of these concepts have in common are the idea of breaking down social barriers to gain a different perspective on culture people and behaviors. When a person is in a new area where the culture is different it is betters to break down walls and keep an open mind they all deal with society and the differences theyRead MoreP Mod Family1214 Words   |  5 Pagesfamilies, biology/legal ties are not the only basis for those | | | |claims. | | |Traditional theories do not |Traditional structural theories, Functionalism, Marxism, and Feminism, assume the | | |explain the society of today. |family being explained is the traditional nuclear family, this is not relevant any | | | Read MoreConsumerism In Fight Club1485 Words   |  6 Pagesmasculinity and the effects of social stratification through numerous sociological concepts such as conflict, postmodern, structural strain theory. The escape of conventionalism may result in the lack of resources to contribute a society’s goals. In the film, Tyler mentioned We ve all been raised to believe that we ll be millionaires and movie idols. But we won t!. (Fincher 1999). This quote demonstrates that the â€Å"American Dream† is where anyone can become rich if they work hard and provide servicesRead MoreOutline and Evaluate Postmodern Views on the Diversity of Family Life984 Words   |  4 PagesOutline and evaluate postmodern views on the diversity of family life† Postmodern sociologists support the view that family has become diverse in contemporary UK. They see that people have become fragmented and identities are more individualistic, meaning everyone is different and let them be. Family life is different for everyone. Stacey (1996) says that the family no longer progresses through a range of stages. Meaning everyone is diverse, and that there is no longer a dominant type ofRead MoreAn Sociological Study And What We Call Sociological Imagination Essay736 Words   |  3 PagesIn these postmodern times where what was is no longer, or another power, we live in constant change. But man is trapped in their daily lives, he lives in a moral paralysis without fully accept that life affects you, it affects society because both are considered together. Our time is characterized by malaise and indifference, lack of values ​​and feel threatened. The task of the social scientist is to clarify the elements of contemporary uneasiness and in difference. Today the information exceeds

Treating Animals with the Same Respect as Humans Free Essays

Treating animals with the same respect as humans In 2012 there were 35 000 animal cruelty cases reported in the media all over the world. What is more, there are many atrocious videos posted on the internet in which animals are being ill-treated or killed. Statistically, one fifth of all domestic animals are not well treated. We will write a custom essay sample on Treating Animals with the Same Respect as Humans or any similar topic only for you Order Now These facts arouse the question: ‘Should animals be treated with the same respect as humans? ’. In spite of the fact that animals are not conscious thinking creatures, they should be treated as humans because they are biologically similar to us and they are our companions. First and foremost, animals are biologically similar to humans. Their genetic code is similar to ours because it is made of the same nucleotides that encode amino acids. DNA is the carrier of genetic information in which our behaviour, appearance and genetic predispositions are encoded. Human and animals’ structure of DNA is almost the same. The best example is the DNA of the great apes which is in 95 percent similar to the human. Even though many people can say that animals do not feel anything, animals are able to feel pain, happiness or anger owing to the developed nervous system. The typical examples of that are a dog which howls when it feels pain and a cat which purrs when it is being stroked. Many experiments were held in which e. g. chimpanzees were learnt how to count fruits shown on the screen and with the right answer they were getting a reward, and they were able to learn it which is the clear proof that they are able to learn certain conducts in the course of time. Furthermore, many species of animals are human companions. Choicely trained dogs are used to help blind people function in the world. Jack is one of the many people who without his dog would only have to stay at home and be dependent on his family. However, it is not the life that those people want to live and dogs are the unbeatable mean of helping them in their day-to-day activities. Secondly, enormously keen sense of smell that sniffer dogs have is most useful in rescuing people who have been trapped under the rubble because they can smell the scent of human in the places where the sight of rescue team is limited. Cats or hamsters are bred because of the very simple reason – they are ideal for children. Most of them are tame and they like being stroked. On the other hand, opponents say that animals should not be treated as humans because they are not conscious thinking creatures. The only way of communication between them is using primitive codes, not developed language e. g. bees are dancing in order to communicate something to others or elephants are making sounds that are not audible for humans. What is more, these codes are only used by them in order to survive their assemblage. All in all, no matter what opponents may say, animals should be treated with the same respect as humans. They are biologically similar to humans at the DNA level and they are perfect human companions used in order to help people and beguile their free time. They should not be treated as if they did not feel anything. How to cite Treating Animals with the Same Respect as Humans, Papers

Organization Theories and the Human Relations Theories

Question: Organization theories and the Human Relations theories. In what way are the two sets of theories compatible with each other? In what way are they in conflict with each other? How might both these theories be useful in understanding organizational phenomena and organizational actions? Use real-world examples to illustrate your analysis. Answer: Introduction The classical organization theory is the combination of the scientific management, bureaucratic and administrative theory. Frederick Taylor stated the scientific management theory in the year 1917 (Hatch Cunliffe, 2013). The theory consists of four basic principles (Bybee, 2013): to observe the best way one can perform the task, Rank each person in each task, Use reward and punishments as key motivating steps for the workers, The management deals with the planning and control. Max Webers bureaucratic theory emphasized the importance of the division of labor (Hatch Cunliffe, 2013). The administrative theory is given by Mooney and Reiley (1931) which states that there exist a set of principles that will be applied to all the organization (Jiang et al., 2012). Human Resource theories explain the behaviors and structures of the management can result in the change of the employee behavior (Jiang et al., 2012). Acting upon the basic understandings of the Organizational behavior and HR theories, the small business owners can minimize the number of workers and thus, result in the increase in creativity and productivity (Hudson, 2015). The classical organization and the human resource theories are the management theories that are used even today. Both the theories are compatible with each other and the points of compatibility and differences have been discussed in brief below. Classical organization theory and Human resource theory compatibility There are several points where Organizational theory and Human resource theory are compatible with each other. Some of the points are discussed below (Hudson, 2015): Both the theories make use of different subjects: Organizational behavior and human resource theories are the combinations of several fields of sciences that include psychology, economics, political science, medicine, engineering, anthropology and many others (Marion Gonzales, 2013). For example study of medicine helps in understanding as to how the long- term stress affects the health of the employee (Bybee, 2013). Organizational functions: The HR theory states two points- The job performance and the increase in motivation of the workers (Hudson, 2015). Henry Fayol has stated that workers perform smoothly only when the management is working smoothly. This theory helps in laying down the main functions of management i.e. Planning, Organization, managing and controlling (Shafritz Ott Jang, 2015). Employee motivation: The classical theory and the human resource theory both the theories lay emphasis on the employee motivation (Hatch Cunliffe, 2013). Employee motivation will result in the efficient functioning of the organization. The human relations theory emerged with the belief that people desire to be a part of a team where there is the opportunity to grow and develop (Shafritz Ott Jang, 2015) Conflicts between Classical approach and Human relations approach Human relations theory laid its emphasis on the value the employee is creating and it also includes the needs and contribution of the employees (Hudson, 2015). Classical theory laid its emphasis on the good of the organization. The classical Management approach was developed to handle the problems that were arising in the factories (Jiang et al., 2012). The Approach found the way of managing and performing the task. The approach laid down certain standard method for doing the job and people were given training and worked more like machines (Shafritz Ott Jang, 2015). The approach states that to do the good job the worker's economic needs should be attained (Hudson, 2015). This thought is derived by the Adam Smith in his book named economic theory which stated that nature of the humans is rational (Hatch Cunliffe, 2013). Thus, the employee needs motivation in monetary terms. The Human Relations theories focused mainly on human workings and increasing the productivity of the work (Marion Gonzales, 2013). This Approach uses Maslow's hierarchy of needs which reflects that every human being has some needs that affect his performance and motivation. The needs that affect the performance of the workers are as follows: Physiological, safety, social, esteem and self- actualization needs (Bybee, 2013). Classical theory can establish the harmony in the organization by using the principles of commanding, planning and controlling (Bybee, 2013). This is why many big organizations follow this method. On the other hand, Human Relations Approach lays emphasis on the personnel management and leads to the better performance amongst the workers (Hatch Cunliffe, 2013). Classical organization theory and human resource theories are useful in understanding organizational phenomena and organizational actions The Organization conceptions and principles that are followed by the classical organization thus have a practical value in the organization (Jiang et al., 2012). The Human resource theory can turn into an advantage for the organization. Nowadays emphasis is being made on making the workforce competent and motivated to understand their role and deliver best results for the organization (Hudson, 2015). There are various motivating factors for the workers such as Incentives, promotions, job enrichment and job empowerment (Jiang et al., 2012). The employees of an organization play a very vital role. The Maslows theory is still used in the organization and forms the basis of motivational schemes in an organization (Bybee, 2013). The focus should be laid on employee motivation which results in high performance in the organization. However, even today human resource theory and the classical organization are being used by every organization ("Human Relations Management Theory Basics", 2011). The big organization such as General Motors, Ford Motor, Dell, Johnson Johnson, and Microsoft or the small organization all follows the theories of human resource and classical organization ("Human Relations Management Theory Basics", 2011). The companies create work division with response to the quality of the work the workers are provided the incentives and other benefits, on the other hand, human resource conducts the induction program for the employees, motivates employees to work hard. Reference Bybee, J. L. (2013). Usage-based theory and exemplar representations of constructions. InThe Oxford handbook of construction grammar. Hatch, M. J., Cunliffe, A. L. (2013).Organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern perspectives. Oxford university press. https://www.business.com/management-theory/human-relations-management-theory-basics/ Hudson, J. R. (2015). Theories of management. Jiang, K., Lepak, D. P., Hu, J., Baer, J. C. (2012). How does human resource management influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms.Academy of management Journal,55(6), 1264-1294. Marion, R., Gonzales, L. D. (2013).Leadership in education: Organizational theory for the practitioner. Waveland Press. Shafritz, J. M., Ott, J. S., Jang, Y. S. (2015).Classics of organization theory. Cengage Learning.

Policies for Reducing Unemployment free essay sample

Demand side policies to reduce demand-deficient unemployment (unemployment caused by recession) †¢ Supply side policies to reduce structural unemployment / (the natural rate of unemployment) Demand Side Policies [pic] Demand side policies are important when there is a recession and rise in cyclical unemployment. (e. g. after 1991 recession and after 2008 recession) 1. Fiscal Policy Fiscal policy can decrease unemployment by helping to increase aggregate demand and the rate of economic growth. The government will need to pursue expansionary fiscal policy; this involves cutting taxes and increasing government spending. Lower taxes increase disposable income (e. g. VAT cut to 15% in 2008) and therefore help to increase consumption, leading to higher aggregate demand (AD). With an increase in AD, there will be an increase in Real GDP (as long as there is spare capacity in the economy. ) If firms produce more, there will be an increase in demand for workers and therefore lower demand-deficient unemployment. Also, with higher aggregate demand and strong economic growth, fewer firms will go bankrupt meaning fewer job losses. We will write a custom essay sample on Policies for Reducing Unemployment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Keynes was a strong advocate of expansionary fiscal policy during a prolonged recession. He argue that in a recession, resources (both capital and labour) are idle, therefore the government should intervene and create additional demand to reduce unemployment. Impact of Higher AD on Economy [pic] However, 1. It depends on other components of AD. e. g. if confidence is low, cutting taxes may not increase consumer spending because people prefer to save. Also, people may not spend tax cuts, if they will soon be reversed. 2. Fiscal policy may have time lags. E. g. a decision to increase government spending may take a long time to have an effect on increasing AD. 3. If the economy is close to full capacity an increase in AD will only cause inflation. Expansionary fiscal policy will only reduce unemployment if there is an output gap. 4. Expansionary fiscal policy will require higher government borrowing – this may not be possible for countries with high levels of debt, and rising bond yields. 5. In the long run expansionary fiscal policy may cause crowding out, i. . the government increase spending but because they borrow from private sector, they have less to spend and therefore AD doesn’t increase. However, Keynesians argue crowding out will not occur in a liquidity trap. 2. Monetary Policy Monetary policy would involve cutting interest rates. Lower rates decrease the cost of borrowing and encourage people to spend and i nvest. This increases AD and should also help to increase GDP and reduce demand deficient unemployment. Also lower interest rates will reduce exchange rate and make exports more competitive. In some cases, lower interest rates may be ineffective in boosting demand. In this case, Central Banks may resort to Quantitative easing. This is an attempt to increase money supply and boost aggregate demand. Evaluation †¢ Similar problems to fiscal policy. e. g. it depends on other components of AD. †¢ Lower interest rates may not help boost spending, if banks are still reluctant to lend. †¢ Demand side policies can help to reduce demand deficient unemployment e. g. in a recession. However, they cannot reduce supply side unemployment. Therefore, their effectiveness depends on the type of unemployment that occurs. Supply Side Policies for Reducing Unemployment Supply side policies deal with more micro-economic issues. They don’t aim to boost overall Aggregate Demand, but seek to overcome imperfections in the labour market and reduce unemployment caused by supply side factors. Supply side unemployment includes: †¢ Frictional †¢ Structural †¢ Classical (real wage) Policies to Reduce Supply Side Unemployment 1. Education and Training. The aim is to give the long term unemployed new skills which enable them to find jobs in developing industries, e. . retrain unemployed steel workers to have basic I. T. skills which helps them find work in service sector. – However, despite providing education and training schemes, the unemployed may be unable or unwilling to learn new skills. At best it will take several years to reduce unemployment. 2. Reduce Power of trades unions. If unions are able to b argain for wages above the market clearing level, they will cause real wage unemployment. In this case reducing influence of trades unions (or reducing Minimum wages) will help solve this real wage unemployment. . Employment Subsidies. Firms could be given tax breaks or subsidies for taking on long term unemployed. This helps give them new confidence and on the job training. However, it will be quite expensive and it may encourage firms to simply replace current workers with the long term unemployment in order to benefit from the tax breaks. 4. Improve Labour Market Flexibility. It is argued that higher structural rates of unemployment in Europe is due to restrictive labour markets which discourages firms from employing workers in the first place. For example, abolishing maximum working weeks and making it easier to hire and fire workers may encourage more job creation. However, increased labour market flexibility could cause a rise in temporary employment and greater job insecurity. 5. Stricter Benefit requirements. Governments could take a more pro-active role in making the unemployed accept a job or risk losing benefits. After a certain time period the government could guarantee some kind of public sector job (e. g. cleaning streets). This could significantly reduce unemployment. However, it may mean the government end up employing thousands of people in un-productive tasks which is very expensive. Also, if you make it difficult to claim benefits, you may reduce the claimant count, but not the International Labour force survey. 6. Improved Geographical Mobility. Often unemployed is more concentrated in certain regions. To overcome this geographical unemployment, the government could give tax breaks to firms who set up in depressed areas. Alternatively, they can give financial assistance to unemployed workers who move to areas with high employment. (e. g. help with renting in London)

crossword puzzle night Essays

crossword puzzle night Essays crossword puzzle night Paper crossword puzzle night Paper Essay Topic: Literature fast Elie did not do this on Yom Kippur bread the prisoners ate this and soup Birkenau the recepetion center for auschwitz elie the only son hitler one jew said he was the only one who had kept his promises moshe he tried to warn the jews in sighet: ____ the beadle tzipora the youngest of the wiesel children foot elie had surgery on his ____ tibi dreamed of going to haifa with elie and yossi stein mr wiesel didnt recongize this cousin drumer akiba _____ thought god was testing the jews chlomo elies fathers first name buna they walked here from auschwitz stern a tradesman turned policeman clean the men had to ___ the block before they evacuated star jews had to wear the yellow spoon elies inheritance was a knife and a ____ gestapo the german security police transylvania the country where elie wiesel grew up idek the kapo who had bouts of madness american an ____tank was at the gates of buchenwald bea the next eldest of the wiesel children zalman a polish boy who was trampled during the evacuation rosh the jewish new year death the idea began to fascinate elie during the evacaution schachter woman who had a vision of the furances Palestine elie wanted his family to move here beethoven jewish musicians were not allowed to play this composers music resistence this movement rescued the prisoners at buchenwald snowed it ____during the entire evacuation march eliahou the rabbi ___ was looking for his son sighet elie wiesel grew up in this town alphonse german jew who headed the block at buna passover the germans arrested the jewish leaders on the seventh day of ____ dysentery Mr wiesel had this ailment when he died mengele elie saw his notorious doctor russians they liberated the men in the hospital martha offered the family safe refuge in their village buchenwald mr wiesel died in this camp hospital elie and his father did not stay here but joined evauation yossi told elie he had not been written down

Objectivism and Collectivism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Objectivism and Collectivism - Essay Example This has brought about the two philosophies of collectivism and objectivism which can be said to be direct opposites of one another when it comes to the beliefs and practices they promote (Mayhew 56). They do however also maintain a few similarities in certain aspects as well and it is by comparing and contrasting that one is able to identify both the differences and similarities that objectivism and collectivism bring to the table in the discussion of a life well lived. One platform that exhibits both these philosophies clearly is in the book (Mayhew 26) Anthem written by author Ayn Rand in the year 1937 though it was published a year later. In this book the author manages to depict the two philosophies in various scenarios and through various characters within the story that can help one compare the two. It is suggested as a matter of fact that Ayn Rand was the individual who came up with the philosophy of Objectivism so it is no surprise that it is displayed phenomenally in this p iece of literature (Mayhew 154). Objectivism refers to a philosophy that advocates that the purpose of an individual’s life is the discovery of their own happiness and thus morality is achieved in the respect of one’s individual’s rights. Objectivism promotes putting one’s self interest ahead of the pack and the author Ayn Rand describes it as "a philosophy for living on earth" that defines human and worldly nature and thus can be said is established in reality (Mayhew 235).

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Report - Essay Example It also plays its fair portion in UK’s violence and crime too. Therefore, understanding football culture in Britain is a sure way to understand the British culture and a fitting approach to recognize the significance of a sport to a country, especially with the 2018 World cup and London Olympic 2012 in site. The purpose of this report is therefore to understand how the football culture has influenced the society of Britain and British people. England is considered as the ‘mother of football’. This is not surprising when considering the fact that the world’s oldest association football club (Sheffield F. C.), the oldest national football governing body (The Football Association), the first National football team and the oldest national football league (The Football League) have all raised in England There are many football clubs in UK at national, regional and local levels and all the home nations (English, Welsh, Scottish and Irish) have separate teams and domestic competitions. Currently, the Premier League, UK’s topmost domestic league, is one of the wealthiest and most popular sports league in the world (Football in England, 2011). British football fans consider playing football as a social event and will travel greater distances to participate in their favored sport, made more enjoyable with an occasional visit to a pub before and after the game and meeting old friends. They may also have a sentimental attachment to the location or the ground where the game is played. The high ticketing costs of the Premier League matches have not discouraged the loyal fans away from their beloved sport and as reported by Guilinotti (2005), ‘some estimates value soccer- related business at over ? 250 billion in 2003’ Rise of the future football talents are encouraged by means of football scholarships given by universities, colleges and charitable trusts (eg. Heriot-Watt University in Scotland, Youth Sport Trust) and children of all ages play football in UK and get trained in football clubs. All these factors points to the fact that football is an important issue in cultural, social and economical aspects of Britain. Why the sport football happen to be a great event in Britain? That is because this game has been able to interwoven into the British culture as no other game could. There are British football magazines and papers, television and radio channels competing with each other to provide the British people with latest football news and events, it is in arts, music, films and books and there are many football souvenirs like shirts and caps and even sticker books for children. Talented football players have become role models, especially to young children. Football has the capacity to change people’s mood, according to the victory or defeat of their supporting team. No other sport has this level of influence upon the British society or the people in UK. The football culture is the cultural aspect s surrounding the game of association football. Thus, it is worthwhile to discuss the manner in which this simple game has diffused into the British culture, its people and their lives. Generally, ‘culture’ is defined as a set of shared attitudes, values, goals and practices that characterizes an institution, organization or a group (Culture, 2011) and ‘Culture of UK’ refers to the patterns of human activity and symbolism associated with UK and its people (Culture of the United Kingdom, 2011) ). Presence

Strategic Decision Making Case Study: Zara

Strategic Decision Making Case Study: Zara Introduction ZARA is the brand of the Spanish retail group, INDITEX SA. Its one of the well known performers in a retail market in recent years its stores can now be found in the most important shopping districts of more than 400 cities in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa. With year-on-year sales increasing at around 25% over the last 5 years, it has become one of the worlds fastest growing retailers (Lopez, 2009). Task 2 Strategic decision A strategic decision is what is thought to be a long-term investment and which is helpful in changing the direction of business undergoing in any organization. Such a decision can be a lot risky as the market changes very rapidly but if it turns out to be successful it give a competitive advantage over its competitors. The decision will be made by the top level management in a company and the shareholders will be consulted for that (Harris,ÂÂ  1998). Example For taking an example of a strategic decision we can take a look at their working with a design driven strategy, they produce about 11000 styles per year which means that they produce about 1000 new styles every month which is managed by a team consist of experts in design and development fields of over 200 people. This means that every member of the team on average is producing around 60 styles a year. As a result of that in zara stores a customer can always find a customer can always find new and latest products. This comes out to be a successful strategic decision in order to gain the competitive edge and higher profits in the market (Machuca, 2005). Tactical decision The second type of decision is called tactical decision making. Such a decision may be made by a group of managers but the shareholders are not involved in it as it is a medium term decision and have a lesser effect then a strategic decision. The result of such a decision can be seen within a period of less than a year or so and it has no contribution in changing the direction of the business. (McKinne) Example An example of such a decision is Zaras unique approach to advertising and marketing. It an additional factor within their business model which adds a lot to their success. They spend 0.3% of total revenues on advertising and marketing. This percentage is very less as compared to the competitors in their markets as on average companies like GAP and HM spend about 3-4 % of their total revenue for the similar expense this shows that Zara is successfully maintain a cost advantage to their competitors in marketing activities. For completing with its peers successfully Zara uses different useful locations, store layouts and the life cycle of its products as an effective marketing tool. they open their stores in primes markets to get the maximum visibility. And as mentioned earlier their product are in stores for a very small period of time which provokes the customer to visit time and again and make a rapid decision about purchasing as they might not get that product again when they visit the store even next day. Zara also spend heavily to the layout of their stores each store is remolded after every five years to keep up with the current trends (Gallaugher, 2008) Operational decisions Operational decisions are those which are made on regular basis the effects of such decisions are often minimal and usually do not last for more than a week of so these decisions are mostly done by staff and do not require much of an attention by the top level management (Harris, 1998). Example The example of such a decisions at Zara is its Centralized Logistics and Distribution they have maintain a control and have optimized their supply chain very effectively at many different levels. Within a week there are two orders or prescribes specific days and hours with usually prepared overnight shipments in La Coruna. (Felipe et al., 2010) There are specific times for trucks to leave and shipments to arrive at stores, the garments are pre-hung, already labeled and priced even those which are set by air.ÂÂ   As a result of this clearly defined rhythm, not on the supply chain works smoothly but also the customers know the time and days to visit the stores to get the fresh arrivals and new designs. It is very interesting to know that where in industry a standard time of 6 months has to get the product from sketch to store Zara does this in a remarkable short time of just 2 weeks (Vitzthum, 2001) Task 3:Â  Information needed for decision making Following is the explanation of the type of information required for strategic and tactical decision making. Human intelligence such as information from store managers and market research and information technology such as PDA devices are being used in order to form a hybrid model for flow of information from where houses to stores. Manager present at Zara stores use hand handheld device to send the standardized information about the feedback by customers and ordering needs directly to in house designers. This not only support and helps in making strategic decisions along with the rapidly changing trends and customers demand but also make the company be aware about the merchandise which is less desirable. The competitors of Zara completely rely on information technology which the unique approach being used by Zara makes them manage their inventories well helps them create a link between demand and supply and also helps in controls the problems occurring due to obsolete merchandise. For supporting the operational decisions Information from the distribution centers and from the production facilities, gives a better view to the manager of a certain store about the availability of garments at the stores this also helps in adjusting their orders and passing on information needed by the customer. (123HelpMe.com, 2010) Task 4:Â  Competitors intelligence The competitive intelligence is a process of monitoring the activities of rivals in market. It helps to know about competitors plans and review the own strategies for taking successful decisions (Arik, 2010). Main competitors of Zara are HM and Gap. HM OPENS its distribution centers in the region it has its stores in order to cut down the lead time and transportation cost. It also heavily investing in advertisement which helps them cater large market size and capture attention of a lot of customers worldwide. Another risk which is reported to the Inditex group it works by reinvesting all its profits in opening new stores HM is Sweden based retailer that spent heavily in advertising and is a close competitor of Zara. HM opens its distribution center in the country of its operations so as to cut down on lead time and transportation cost. (Pankaj and Jose, 2006) The process which id adopted by Zara of obtaining the market information is very different from its competitors. Many of them majorly rely on small elite design teams that plan all the needs of the business. Their stores have a very little autonomy in deciding which products they should out in display or which to go for sale because the quantities and planned and shipped according to the forecasts. Where the speed of Zara in product development is far better than anyone in the market (123HelpMe.com, 2010). When it comes to Strategic Partnerships and Cost of Production Most of Zaras competitors have 100% outsourcing to cheap Asian countries. Zara does not use Asian outsourcing unlike its competitors such as Gap, Benetton, and HM and 80% of Zaras materials are manufactured in Europe with 50% made in Zara controlled facilities in the Galicia region of Spain . The cost of production in Spain is 17-20% more expensive than Asia this gives a cost advantage to it competitors in regard to labor and expands their market worldwide (123HelpMe.com, 2010). The information and communication technologies being used by the competitors of Zara are quite different the cost spent by Zara in this regard is less than 0.5% of its total revenue and the it employees account for about 0.5% of Zaras total workforce. And if we take a look at its competitors they spend on average 2% of their total revenue on it expenditures and have 2.5% of their total workforce devoted to it. Which certainly makes their working far better in these areas? This is the global age and these gimmicks are demand of the time so Zara should pay some more attention to it both financially and strategically (123HelpMe.com, 2010). Task 5:Â  Importance of Business-To-Business for Zara Business to business commerce is a form of E-commerce involving business to business transactions, servicing customers, working with other businesses and the exchanging of products or services. B2B opens up a global market at little cost, reduces the costs of sales and promotions and can increase demand. This term specifically defines the electronic collaboration among different enterprisers. The B2B is a lot more important for Zara to promote its business activities at a bigger level and to cater a bigger market. It makes sure the world about the about the presence of variety of products available in its stores. Zara is even new to e-commerce as it launched it website in 2009 (Alisa, 2009). As compared to its competitors Zara is offering cheaper rates and a good quality product that is why many dealers would want to make a purchase to save their expenditure on high prices designers clothes of same quality. This will also give the benefit of saving time and money because after taking the order the product may be delivered to the door step of the customer. And other e-commerce retailers who are involved with fashion will be looking carefully to what Zaras online store can bring to online shoppers. The pace of which your ordinary high street stores are moving online and developing e-commerce solutions is set to lead to a more intensified competition for online sales, and more focused e-commerce marketing strategies. (DeltaQuest, 2010) Canada and China: Cybercrime and Cryptocurrency Canada and China: Cybercrime and Cryptocurrency Bitcoin, Cyber-crime, Cryptocurrency, Canada, China. Cyber-crime is a byproduct of the information age and is growing very fast worldwide (FBI, 2017). As technology has advanced so have the criminals methods to exploit the internet. Cyber-crime can be described as the use of a computer, a network or other electronic device to facilitate a crime, Interpol makes a distinction between two types of cyber-crime (INTERPOL, 2017): Advanced cyber-crime attacks on computer software or hardware; Cyber-enabled crime financial crimes, crimes against children and terrorism are more prevalent since the introduction of the internet. These types of crime in the past would have been likely to be conducted by small groups or even individuals, but new trends according to Interpol show organized criminal gangs worldwide have embraced technology to further their profits be it from illegal gambling, sale of fake goods, theft, fraud etc. Since 2009 the criminals now have a new virtual currency also labelled as a cryptocurrency called Bitcoin which is used by many to conduct transactions on what has become known as the dark web. The dark web can only be accessed through encryption software and this area of the internet is largely un-policed and users can remain anonymous. The anonymity is an ideal scenario for the criminal to work in. This paper will discuss firstly the give a brief overview of cyber-crime and the origins of bitcoin in more detail. Secondly how this electronic currency technology is being used for legal and illegal purposes. And lastly how governments around the globe are trying to regulate this electronic currency, with a major focus on the Canadian government and Bill C-31. Criminality is nothing new it has been part of lives for centuries, crime as such has not changed over the years only the tools used to carry them out have developed. Criminals have learned to use technology to hide themselves in the shadows and use technology to further profit. The biggest technological advancement in the last thirty years has been the internet. The internet has revolutionized our lives in so many ways from ease of communications, e-commerce to the large wealth of knowledge on line. Cyber-crime comes in many forms but it is primarily aimed at computers, computer infrastructure and other connected devices. With the large spread of the internet and smartphones, now nearly 3.2 billion people on the planet have access to the internet (ITU, 2015). It increases the pool of people that criminals have access to. When this is compared to decades ago when computers were only used by government agencies, research and financial institutes, crime in this area was limited to those who had the expertise and access to these devices (Clough, 2015). Now a small group can conduct crimes on a global scale without the restrictions of physical location to perform the crime. Bitcoin is an electronic virtual currency that allows users to conduct transactions between themselves (peer to peer) over an electronic network without the need for a third party namely a financial institution (Nakamoto 2008). Bitcoin was released in January 2009 by Satoshi Nakamoto which there is little known about as this was an alias used by the inventor (Powers 2014). The Bitcoin software is open source and in order to use the currency a user must obtain a wallet, there are two common types of wallets. Firstly the software wallet and the secondly the mobile wallet (Bitcoin 2017). The software wallet is mostly stored on a users hard drive, with the mobile wallet being stored on mobile devices such as android phones, IOS phones and tablets, giving the user the flexibility of have a currency attached to a mobile device. These wallets contain both a public and private key, the public key is what a user will share with other Bitcoin users in order to have them send bitcoins over the internet, whereas the private key is used by the owner of the bitcoins to make payments from the wallet (Miller 2015). The back bone of this cryptocurrency is the public ledger called the blockchain, this ledger records who owns what bitcoins and records transactions that take place. No one controls or owns the blockchain its all in the public domain. Transactions on the blockchain cant be reversed, the blockchain is only written too and are confirmed by the peer to peer network. Nakamoto has placed a limit of just under 21 million bitcoins, once that limit is reached, no more bitcoins can be made. Bitcoin is viewed as being the electronic equivalent of cash, as no financial institutes are involved no personal information is required when creating a personal wallet or purchasing Bitcoins. This anonymity has drawn scrutiny from some sectors to Bitcoin because some criminals have adopted the currency instead of conducting business in more traditional financial ways (Miller 2015). Just like any currency, Bitcoin can be used to purchase many of the everyday things in life the same way that we use traditional cash or credit cards. You can transfer Bitcoin to relatives, donate to charity, and this was what Bitcoin was created for to be a replacement for current systems. The first Bitcoin ATM was opened in Vancouver, Canada in 2013. In its first week of operation, the ATM performed over 10,000 independent transactions with a third of users being first time Bitcoin buyers (Wagner 2013). Across the world, entire city areas are accepting this cryptocurrency Bitcoin as payment for a range of goods and services. In the Germany City of Berlin, the borough of Kreuzberg, has the highest number of businesses accepting Bitcoin on the planet. This is expanding across the globe because every day more and more businesses are authorizing Bitcoin as a means of payment (Small 2015). Kirkpatrick (2017) refers to an interview with David Decary-Hetu, an adjunct professor of criminology at the University of Montreal, There are many helpful and legal reasons for having bitcoin, Decary-Hetu says, noting that large established companies such as Dell Computer, Expedia, Microsoft, and PayPal, each accept bitcoin, and are clearly not dealing in illegal goods. Small (2015) stated the total market value of the Bitcoin currency is currently estimated at slightly below $7.6 billion. The main argument for the regulation of virtual currencies and Bitcoin is that because of the anonymity offered to the buyer of such currencies, criminals have advantage over law makers and law enforcement. This anonymity helps obscure the identities of those purchasing drugs, money laundering, illegal paraphernalia and terrorist financing with the use of Bitcoin. Kirkpatrick (2017) again in his interview with Decary-Hetu says There is no way to tie your identity to your online bitcoin wallet address, if you do it properly, noting that when users try to convert cryptocurrencies to traditional money they may lose that anonymity. Thats where sloppy people are going to get arrested. China In China, the government banned Bitcoin in December 2013. The Peoples Bank of China does not give Bitcoin any legal status, refuses to recognize it as a currency, and has misgivings about Bitcoin as a central authority does not regulate it (Ponsford 2015). This was not always the case as in May 2013, the Chinese government unofficially gave its blessing to the currency when the government sponsored a documentary that was shown on state television to inform the public about Bitcoin (Small 2015). Because of the interest that came from the documentary, a surge of Chinese clients downloaded Bitcoin software, more than any other country for the last seven months of 2013. Before the ban, China accounted for the most Bitcoin exchanges and as a result Bitcoins value plummeted nearly twenty percent in a single day after the announcement (Small 2015). Canada In Canada, the government in 2014 stated that Bitcoin was not legal tender. The government however did state that it was a payment system (George-Cosh 2014) and as such should be taxed as a commodity when Bitcoin is exchanged for Canadian currency. Canada was the first jurisdiction in the world to pass concrete legislative measures to deal with Bitcoin and other virtual currencies. Bill C-31 was passed into law in June 2014, which made reporting requirements on the use of virtual currencies like Bitcoin. These measures are similar in nature to regulations on other financial transactions in the country. Bill C-31 made it law that Bitcoin be regulated as a money services business, requiring users to register with the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC). These Bitcoin regulations would apply to both domestic and international Bitcoin operators (Ponsford 2015). The summary of Bill C-31 stated (in part): Division 19 of Part 6 amends the Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act to, among other things, enhance the client identification, record keeping and registration requirements for financial institutions and intermediaries, refer to online casinos, and extend the application of the Act to persons and entities that deal in virtual currencies and foreign money services businesses [emphasis added]. Legislation that specifically altered the definition of money services business stated: (4) If subsection 256(2) comes into force, then on the latter of January 1, 2015 and the day on which that subsection comes into force, money services business means an entity (a)(iv) dealing in virtual currencies, as defined by regulation Other legislative provisions incorporated virtual currency language, including foreign businesses directing services at a Canadian person or entity. This legislation has had effects on Bitcoin use in Canada, because firstly it regulates virtual currency as a money service business; secondly imposes registration with FINTRAC to combat money laundering and terrorist financing; thirdly extends to both users inside and outside of the jurisdiction, or services within Canada; fourthly prevents banks from dealing with unregistered users (Ponsford 2015). References bitcoin.org (2017). Available: https://bitcoin.org/en/choose-your-wallet. Last accessed 18/03/2017. Calumn Jeffrey and Tobias Feakin. (2015). Ungerground web. ASPI Special Report. March 2015. Daniel Miller. (2015). Bitcoin explained: the digital currency making millionaires. Available: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-12-02/bitcoins-the-digital-currency-explained/5119034. Last accessed 19/03/2017. David George-Cosh. (2014). Canada Says Bitcoin Isnt Legal Tender. Available: http://blogs.wsj.com/canadarealtime/2014/01/16/canada-says-bitcoin-isnt-legal-tender/. Last accessed 12/03/2017. Dr. Mike McGuire (University of Surrey) and Samantha Dowling (Home Office Science). (2013). Cyber-dependent crimes. Cyber crime: A review of the evidence. p4-p5. FBI. (unknown). What we Investigate. Available: https://www.fbi.gov/investigate/cyber. Last accessed 16/02/2017. Jeffery Powers. (2014). January 3, 2009: Bitcoin Introduced, 1983: Computer Machine of the Year. Available: http://dayintechhistory.com/dith/january-3-2009-bitcoin-introduced-1983-computer-machine-year/. Last accessed 19/03/2017. Jonathan Clough (2015). Principles of Cybercrime. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p6. Keith Kirkpatrick. (2017). Financing the Dark Web . Communications of the ACM. 60 (3), p21-p22. International cyber security protection alliance. (2012). Detailed Findings. Impact of cyber crime on businesses in Canada. ICSPA (4),p3, p16. INTERPOL. (2017). Cybercrime. Available: https://www.interpol.int/Crime-areas/Cybercrime/Cybercrime. Last accessed 18/02/2017. International Telecommunication Union. (2015). ICT revolution and remaining gaps. ICT Facts and Figures 2015, p1. Kurt Wagner. (2013). Worlds First Bitcoin ATM Opens In Vancouver, Canada. Available: http://mashable.com/2013/10/30/bitcoin-atm-2/#HUU2o4zadsq7. Last accessed 18/03/2017. Matthew P. Ponsford . (2015). A Comparative Analysis of Bitcoin and Other Decentralised Virtual Currencies: Legal Regulation in the Peoples Republic of China, Canada, and the United States . Hong Kong Journal of Legal Studies Volume 9 (2015) . p51-p70. Satoshi Nakamoto. (2008). Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. Stephen Small. (2015). BITCOIN: THE NAPSTER OF CURRENCY. HOUSTON JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW. 37 (2), p585-p640.

Literary Analysis of Audre Lordes Power Essay example -- Poem Poet Po

Literary Analysis of Audre Lorde's Power Audre Lorde uses her poetic prose to express her feelings of anger and fury over an unfortunate incident which occurred in New York City in the late 1970's. She shares her outrage and disgust at a racist society that can allow a child's death to be buried with no true justice found to help resolve the loss of a innocent child. Audre Lorde adopted an African name at the end of her life, Gamba Adisa, which means "Warrior-She Who Makes Her Meaning Known." (1404) This name she chose can help explain the role as a woman poet and writer she felt she had to play and why she wrote the various works that she produced throughout her life. Lorde was brought up in Harlem and probably understood the difficulties people can encounter when race is involved. In the poem the "Power" she is trying to use her poetic gift to stand up for these racial injustices and to try to make a conscience difference. Lorde wants to be heard, instead of just using rhetoric and the art of effective writing, she is searching for the power she has as a African-American woman poet to make people hear and think about racial injustices. "Power" (1030) is a poem that has two different levels of meaning, literal and nonliteral. The first being a narrative poem literally about Clifford Glover, a ten-year-old African-American Queens boy who was shot by a Caucasian police officer that was acquitted by a jury. The second being the nonliteral, more poetic intent, Audre Lorde's reaction and feelings of fury and disgust over this incident. She entangles this racial injustice with her own furious and unsatisfied feelings in this piece. The first two stanzas are about Lorde's feelings and images she sees due to ... ...over and jot down her thoughts. If these were the thoughts running through my head that were making my whole being ill - I too would need to write them down and get them out of my head. Her harsh images ands racial digs in this piece do prompt an individual to stop and think, even get angry. Lorde probably meant to point out this problem in its ugly light so to help avoid such tragic loses from happening again. To ensure that not everyone will just step aside when it is their turn to protect and serve our youth of today. Audre Lorde truly appears to be a "warrior' and she certainly has "made her meaning known" as her name, so appropriately means and her poetry so appropriately reflects to its audience. Works Cited Abcarian, Richard, and Marvin Klotz, eds. Literature: Reading and Writing the Human Experience. 7th ed. New York: St. Martin's, 1998.

Macroeconomics Assignment Essay

Current economic conditions in the U. S an all around the world are rising to alarming situations, with the dilemma being common that whether its inflation or recession, which is hampering the economy badly. The liquidity issues are affecting the U. S economy badly, the money supply is shrinking although the Federal Reserve is pursuing an accommodative monetary policy, but due to its lesser control and the dynamism of the U. S economy, this policy seems to have a very low effect on the liquidity situation in the overall economy. After a rise in the money supply for few months the money supply has been contracting since then, the M2 component of the money supply, which consists of cash, consumer deposits and checking has been shrinking. While M3 which consists of the above, plus the large time deposits and other items is also changing its direction towards a lower end. The figure depicts the trends of the money supply and how it has dipped gradually. Figure 1: Annual U. S. Money Supply Growth Source: Shadow Government Statistics, 2009 This condition can result into the weakening of economic activity and pulling out money from stocks. Recently the downfall in the consumer spending and the lowering of the stock prices is the sign of scorched liquidity in the economy (Kellner, 2003). In this current situation of economic dilemma, the current economic conditions demands active measures from the new president and the U. S congress to overcome the hazards created by the weakening economy. Government should try to push more liquidity into the market; the FED should try to increase the money supply through lowering the interest rate, pushing more money into the economy by funding the companies and the corporations that can create more stability in the economy. The government should try to create more jobs into the economy by pushing their spending this will surely create more consumers spending and thus providing a ground to combat recession in the economy. These economic measures are the need of the time and they will certainly have their effects on the economy. Thus, by acting proactively on these strategies the government can easily face all the difficult circumstances. References Kellner, I. (2003, November). Where has all the money gone? Retrieved Feburary 10, 2009, from Market Watch : http://www. marketwatch. com/News/Story/Story. aspx? guid=%7BF1B1B20B-EBDE-435F-8349-A19E26DBB945%7D&siteid=mktw&dist=nwhpm Figures Figure 1: Annual U. S. Money Supply Growth Shadow Government Statistics. (2009). Annual U. S. Money Supply Growth. Retrieved Feburary 10, 2009 from http://www. shadowstats. com/charts_republish#m3

21 Bucket List Items For Graduating College Students

The idea of a bucket list — referring to things someone should do before he or she kicks the bucket — doesnt just have to apply to older folks. Students, too, can make their own bucket list to make sure they get in every last memory and bit of fun before tossing their caps at graduation. Here are some things to consider adding to yours: 1. Confess a Crush   Scary? Sure. But if you think youll regret not telling a certain someone how you feel about them before you both part ways after graduating, its time to go for it. After all, even if it doesnt go well, you wont have to really see them again, right? 2. Take Pictures of People Who Have Made a Difference in Your College Life   When do you think back on your years at school, who mattered most? A certain professor or two? Several friends in particular? Maybe a mentor or administrator? Even if youre convinced that youll stay in touch with these folks for years, take a picture anyway. You can laugh at how young everyone looked when youre old and gray and reminiscing about all the silly things you did in college. 3. Thank Your Favorite Professor Chances are one professor, in particular, stands out for the influence he or she had on you during your time in school. Tell them thanks before you leave. You can thank them in person, write an email or even leave a small thank-you note (or maybe a gift) for them on graduation day. 4. Try Food You Never Did Somewhere on Campus If youve never tried a certain kind of food on campus, gather your pride and dig in before you graduate. Youll get a good experience exposing yourself to something new and — you never know — you just might end up liking it.   5. Buy Yourself a Graduation Gift  From the Bookstore Sure, your funds are probably even tighter than normal around graduation time. But pinch your pennies and reward yourself with a gift, no matter how small, from the bookstore. A simple keychain, license plate holder, bumper sticker, business card holder  or travel bag will remind you for years to come about one of your greatest accomplishments so far. 6. Thank the People Who Helped Pay Your Way If scholarships, your parents and/or others helped pay your way through school, make sure to let them know how much you appreciate their support. One suggestion: Include a picture of you in your cap and gown on graduation day in a simple but heartfelt thank-you note. 7. Write Something for the School Paper You may be shy, you may not think of yourself as a good writer and you may have never written for the paper before. But youll be graduating soon — meaning youve succeeded at college and have important advice to share with your peers. Ask the editor if you can make a submission, and take a few hours to put something together that passes along your wisdom. 8. Take a Picture of Yourself and Your Room It may seem silly now, but how fun will it be to look back at how you looked and what your room/apartment looked like five, 10 or 20 years from now? Dont let something that you see every day now slip away with time. 9. Go to a Part of Campus Youve Never Been Before Even if youre at the smallest of schools, head to a corner of campus youve never been before. You just might get a new perspective of how things look and come to appreciate a side of your school that feels brand new just as every other part of it is feeling old. 10. Go to a Sports Event Youve Never Been To   Football and basketball games may be all the rage on your campus, but try something new. If its a gorgeous day, grab some friends and some snacks and go watch a softball or Ultimate Frisbee game. Its a great way to relax and get a new college memory. 11. Go Swimming in the Campus Pool Many students forget theres a campus pool — or are too self-conscious to use it. But these pools can be huge, gorgeous and a lot of fun. Grab your suit, leave your insecurities behind and go have a ridiculously fun game of  Marco Polo  with some friends. 12. Have Your Favorite/Most Influential Professor Sign a Book They Wrote When you think of which professor has been the most brilliant during your time in school, one or two undoubtedly stand out from the rest of the crowd. Have them sign a copy of their latest book before you graduate for a great keepsake youll cherish for years. 13. Participate in a Campus Tradition Being tossed into a fountain on your  birthday? Going on a midnight excursion with your  fellow sorority or fraternity members? Make sure to participate in at least one campus tradition before you graduate for a lasting, irreplaceable memory. 14. Attend an Event on Something You Know Nothing About You went to college to learn new things, right? So head on over to an event youd normally  never  consider attending. You dont have to do anything other than listening and learn. 15. Treat Yourself to a Nice Meal Off Campus You may be so used to bad muffins in the campus coffee shop and the same dishes in the dining hall that heading off campus for a nice meal seems completely out of the realm of possibility. Chances are, however, that you can ask around and find a super yummy, affordable place that will provide you  with a great meal  and a great memory. 16. Vote in Student Government Elections OK, sure, you may have thought they were boring or unimportant before. But now that youre graduating, you have a pretty serious responsibility to leave behind a strong legacy and support system for the classes that will follow you. Honor them by voting  for student leaders  who you think will maintain the standards other students set for you when you first arrived on campus. 17. Go to a Professional Sports Game Off Campus If you live in a big city and have never been to a professional sports game, now is the time to go! After all, how silly would you feel if you had to confess, for years and years after you graduate, that even though you lived in, say, Boston for 4 years, you never saw a  Red Sox  game? Grab some friends and head out. 18. Go to a Cultural Event in Town Even if you live in what you consider to be the smallest of small towns, theres a culture there that cant be replaced -- and that youll probably miss once youre gone. Go to a poetry slam, a performance, a county fair or anything else being put on in town and absorb all you can before you move somewhere new. 19. Go to a Museum in Town You never know what history your college town has to offer. Challenge yourself to learn a little more before you graduate by hitting a museum in town. It could be an art museum, a history museum, or even something that speaks to the unique identity of your city. Even better: Use your  student discount  for admission. 20.  Volunteer Off Campus Even if you dont interact with people off campus all that much, the community that surrounds your school has helped make your experience possible. Give back a little by volunteering for a one-day, one-month, one-semester, or one-year commitment to an off-campus organization that supports your own values and priorities, too. 21. Do Something That Scares You If you look back at your college years and realize you played it safe, you might not be pushing yourself  out of your comfort zone  enough. Take a deep breath and challenge yourself to try something new and scary. Even if you regret it, youll learn something about yourself.