How Drinking Addiction Is Under Challenge - 1403 Words

Nowadays as science and technology develop rapidly, traditional theory of explaining drinking addiction is under challenge. More and more neuroscientists, psychologists and biologists contribute to the exploration of chemical mechanisms working behind alcohol and addiction. As one of the most well-known neuroscientist, Marc Lewis (2011) offers his point of view is that alcohol ultimately affects the brain, which is the source of all our experience (p.22). As we all know, brain is the primary organ of mind, the crucial center of control, and the ultimate foundation of ideas. Even subtle changes in brain can directly lead to the alteration in a person’s mood, cognition and behaviours. Based on the knowledge that I learned in†¦show more content†¦Neurotransmitters carry information and transmit chemical signals throughout the body. This corresponds to what Lewis introduces- a crucial inhibitory neurotransmitter-GABA and the change of firing rate of neurons in the cortex. Contrary to common beliefs, alcohol is actually a depressant. By enhancing GABA’s transmission, alcohol slows down our thoughts, impede our behaviours and weakens our judgements. Scientifically saying, â€Å"the brain’s electrical activities are decreased† (Connor, 2014). This is why Lewis feels â€Å"different- light and breezy, but then hugely clumsy when he [tries to] reach for the bottle too quickly† when he gets drunk for the first time (Lewis, 2011, p. 19). His consciousness is clear, but his body movement is limited, which tells us that the interactions between neurotransmitters are eliminated. This situation is also listed in the effects of drinking section in Teen Health textbook, stating that coordination and movement may be affected by alcohol (Mc-Graw Hill, 2004, p. 569). Also, the chapter 13 of Al-Anon book revolves around an event about helping a teenage to curb her violent temper. In the story, the girl says, â€Å"I knew that my violence against my mom was never a voluntary act. I didn’t want to hurt her, but I didn’t know how to stop, how to break the pattern† (Al-Anon, 1995, p.478). From her words, we can tell that

Essay about Kant - 1684 Words

Cant find it here? Try Collegiate Care Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant was a man before his time. His philosophies, as outlined in Perpetual Peace, paved the way for modern political relations. Unbeknownst to his day and age, his insights were a revelation. They were seeds planted and left unsewn for 120 years. As a first and second image theorist, Kant mixes his liberal and realist views to paint a picture of quot;perpetual peace.quot; His essay outlines the actions that nations should take to achieve this lofty objective. Through his layout of behavioral and philosophical ideologies, he believes nations can truly live synchronically. The first section of Kants essay contains articles that specifically state the†¦show more content†¦Nations, he says, must not interfere with the constitution of another. He implicitly reaffirms the principals of the Treaty of Wesphaylia - sovereignty and noninterference. In the final article, Kant addresses war directly. He states that if nations are at war, then they should refrain from doing things during the course of war that would cause the other nations to distrust them in future times of peace. By this, he is referring to the use of assassins and treasonous deeds. This concludes the first section of his essay. The second section of quot;Perpetual Peacequot; is more in depth. Kant gives us three articles that define what type of government nations must apply to reach a perpetual peace. He begins this section by arguing that it is not in mans nature to be at peace. He declares that the natural state of man is war. He goes on to say: quot;...for the suspension of hostilities does not provide the security of peace...quot; (111) However, it can be reached in a state of lawfulness. Kant explains why republican constitutions are vital to ensure the peace of nations. He reasons this by arguing that this is the only type of government that guarantees freedom and equality of the people. Kant goes on to state that the republican form of government is the most difficult to form and maintain. But, he reaffirms that a republic is the type of government most apt to achieve peace because it gives its people a voice, ensures consequencesShow MoreRelatedImmanuel Kant And The Kant Essay1263 Words   |  6 Pages Immanuel Kant Lying Chiyane Peterson MCCC Ethics MW 1:30pm Parviz Dehghani Lying the one form of communication that is the untruth expressed to be the truth. Immanuel Kant states that lying is morally wrong in all possible ways. His hatred for lying has made him â€Å"just assumed that anyone who lied would be operating with a maxim like this: tell a lie so as to gain some benefit.†(Landau,pp.171) This is true for a vast number of people, they will lie in orderRead MoreKant s Principles Of Kant1743 Words   |  7 Pages The work of Immanuel Kant focuses on the idea that of everything in the world it is only good will that can be taken as â€Å"good without qualification† (Kant, 393). Unlike qualities or talents, which can be used both for good and for bad, good will is considered by Kant to be unequivocally good. Therefore, Kant’s principles require an individual to make decisions only based rationally upon the principles, or maxim, behind that decision, without consideration of the consequences that that actionRead MoreKant And Kant s Philosophy1657 Words   |  7 Pagesuniversal a priori condition which alone things can become objects of our cognition in general[.]† -Immanuel Kant, p 20 of Critique of Judgment This quote most aptly describes Kant’s purpose in writing a critique of aesthetic judgment, with the most important term being â€Å"transcendental.† The Oxford Dictionary defines the word as â€Å"presupposed in and necessary to experience† (what Kant refers to as a priori). In this sense, it is something that pertains to elements of human experience and thenRead MoreKant : Kant s Ethics1293 Words   |  6 PagesKhaled AlMarwani Philosophical Ethics PHL270 Dr. Elizabeth F. Cooke Question # 1: Kant’s Ethics According to my humble reading, Kant is considered the hardest to read, grasp and understand among the philosophers that we came across studying ethics. According to Kant, nothing could be called good without qualification except a good will. And the good will is the desire or the tendency to do your duty because it is your duty, not anything else. Thus, nothing can be gained out of an actionRead MoreImmanuel Kant And Kant On Morality1097 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent societies. Examples would be don’t cheat, don’t steal, and treat others as you would want to be treated. When dealing with the philosophers take on morality, there are two which are usually compared to one another, Immanuel Kant and David Hume. Immanuel Kant had many theories throughout his philosophical time. Here are some of his ethical works, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785), the Critique of Practical Reason (1788), and the Metaphysics of Morals (1797), which contains bothRe ad MoreKant And Kant s Philosophy2023 Words   |  9 PagesImmanuel Kant was an exceptional philosopher who often fantasized about the wonders of the human perception. Through the power of imagination in the human mind Kant was able to postulate possible answers to the great questions of existence. He was daring and bold to wonder what constitutes the beauty of the human soul, how the existence of an all-powerful entity would be possible, and also what do human beings really do to perceive their surroundings. With such notable works as Critiques of PracticalRead MoreKant And Kant s Metaphysical Theorizing1303 Words   |  6 Pageswere possible. For Kant, the question of how synthetic a-priori judgements operated was central to understanding the nature of human thinking, and to enabling metaphysics. Previously Kant had been alerted to the writings of David Hume. Hume had effectively claimed that knowledge only came from analytic a-priori judgments or by synthetic a-posteriori. Hume criticized the notion of cause and effect, and claimed it to be product of conventions of thought, rather than reason. Kant had recognized thatRead MoreKant And Kant s Categorical Imperative1241 Words   |  5 Pages Immanuel Kant, an 18th-century moral philosopher, had contended that the fundamental principle of morality is the Categorical Imperative, from here will be additionally labeled as (CI) or otherwise mentioned. He supported his view by suggesting a pure moral philosophy; a metaphysics of morals that is not solely for rational beings to explore different ¬ sources of basic moral principles that are found through their own observational experience a priori, but additionally for the sake of morality asRead MoreKant And Kant s Universal Law Essay1458 Words   |  6 PagesDoes Kant successfully establish that one must never under any circumstances or for any purpose tell a lie? In this essay, I will argue that Immanuel Kant fails to successfully establish lying as morally impermissible because the claim that lying is morally impermissible goes against common sense. Kant defines his Universal Law to demonstrate the necessary action one must take in order to act in a way that is morally permissible and uses it in support of his belief that one’s motive is the soleRead MoreKant And Kant s Moral Ethics862 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Kant, We have these absolute duties to ourselves and these duties to oneself become the supreme principle of all duties. Therefore, these supreme self-duties are the reason why moral ethics exist, and without our duties to oneself there would be no other duties, nor would we, as a species, survive at all. However, these self-regarding duties can be very contradicting, but can help us understand the bigger picture of the categorical imperative. Kant believes that we must â€Å"act only according

Early Child Hood Education and Impact

Question: Discuss about the Early Child Hood Education and Impact. Answer: Introduction Education in the 21st Century has been said to among the four basic needs that are needed for a fulfilling life. Teachers have a great role to play in impacting knowledge on students. However alone they cannot achieve much success in this endeavor. This paper seeks to dress the roles of various stakeholders in enabling early childhood teachers to succeed in their work. Contact with Parents Parents play a significant role in facilitating learning and development of their young children. Parents who are involved in the learning of their young kids are able to extend the learning process beyond the classroom context by connecting what is learnt at school and what is done at home. This helps the kids to also develop the interest to learn in school. This makes my work as a teacher easier. Parents involvement also enhances high performance in children .Parents can for example mention the items in their kitchen one by one and request their children to repeat after them which enhances their mastery of concepts outside school (Essa, 2012). Contact with the Community Community support on learning plays a significant role education of the young members of the community .Its the community that determines the character of their schools. Community provides financial support to schools as well as volunteer services and school projects initiated to aid the learning process. By linking up with the community, I am able to acquire information and resources to facilitate the learning process for the young kids. Contacts with the community also enable me as a teacher to know the important values that need to be instilled on the young children (Deiner, 2013). Contact with other staff Teachers interact with their colleagues on daily basis .Such contacts are necessary for enhancing professionalism and providing the necessary support. Such contacts are good for making my teaching career more fulfilling. In early childhood for example, as a teacher I am faced with a number of challenges on how to handle different kinds of children, to handle this I require the guidance and support from other teachers . Therefore creating contacts with other staff members will enable me to consult on how to deal with different situations that i am likely to come across in the course of my career (Lipton Oakes, 2007). Contact with children The relationship that exists between children and their teacher can have profound impact on the learning process .Wile positive relationships especially with the young children can make it easy for them to learn. It enables teachers to learn more about the children and hence they are able improve their interactions with them because they understand them. Existence of supportive and positive relations among teachers and children makes them to learn faster and attain good grades than in cases where there are no good relationships (Hauser Rauch, 2006). References Deiner, P. L. (2013). Inclusive early childhood education: Development, resources, practice. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Essa, E. (2012). Introduction to early childhood education. Hauser, M.,Rauch, E. (2006). Learning from children: The life and legacy of Caroline Pratt. New York: Lang. Lipton, M., Oakes, J. (2007). Teaching to change the world. Boston, Mass: Mcgraw Hill.

Stealing, Education for Leisure and Originally Essay Example

Stealing, Education for Leisure and Originally Paper This essay analyses and evaluates the underlying theme of alienation in these three poems. It compares and contrasts the ways in which the different poems present alienation to the reader and how effectively this has been portrayed. Alienation is when a person is socially withdrawn or isolated from others, causing aggression or loss of friendliness. Duffy attempts to interpret and reveal the thoughts and feelings of those who are alienated. Each poem presents a different interpretation of people in various situations, some more affected by alienation than others. This essay also describes how the language, structure and imagery help to convey the theme of alienation successfully to the reader. Finally this essay suggests other interpretations of the poem and discusses to what extent the speakers in the poems are really alienated. Stealing is written in five stanzas with use of half and internal rhymes and there is a regularity in the line lengths. The internal rhyme makes phrases such as, I wanted him, a mate with a mind as cold as the slice of ice within my own brain, stand out to the reader. This extended metaphor creates a repulsive image of open flesh and blood in the readers mind, making the reader push the thought away perhaps, referring to the way in which people pushed the narrator away. We will write a custom essay sample on Stealing, Education for Leisure and Originally specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stealing, Education for Leisure and Originally specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stealing, Education for Leisure and Originally specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The neatness of the presentation of the poem could represent how neatly the thief is organizing his thoughts on the other hand it contrasts with the thoughts of the reader, as we are confused, as we do not understand the idea of stealing a snowman whereas the narrator does. Duffy uses the technique enjambment often, for example, I joy-ride cars/ to nowhere, this makes the poem sound more like a speech as it is more fluent, this results in making the situation and the speaker in the poem more realistic and therefore more sinister and disconcerting. Similarly, Education for Leisure is written in five stanzas, also with use of internal rhymes. The fact that the poem is written in five equal stanzas, with the exception of the one word line could symbolise that the speaker in the poem has planned his life and he wants to do something to feel recognised and noticed for example, I walk the two miles into ton for signing on. As both poems are dramatic monologues, enjambment is also used here, as it gives the poem energy and pace making it sound like a conversation. However in Education for Leisure there is a full stop at the end of every stanza, upon reflection this could relate to the full stop of life when someone dies or it could symbolise the full stop at the end of every friendship the speaker has had in the past and lost eventually. Alternatively, Originally is written in four stanzas, although there is still a regular use of enjambment: sometimes the enjambment is used between verses as well as between lines. An example of enjambment in this poem is, my voice/in the classroom The word voice fills the gap and bridges the space until it is reduced to in the classroom, emphasising the beginning of alienation when a person is forced to recoil into himself or herself. The word voice, could be linked to the one word line in Education for Leisure, language, as they are both forms of communication. It is interesting to see that one-word lines are prevalent in the three poems. The readers eyes are drawn to them. It happens five times, thrice in Originally and once in both Stealing and Education for Leisure. In Education for Leisure the one-word line is language this is a form of communication and is the way for human to reveal their thoughts and feelings illuminating the fact that people who are alienated cannot reveal their feeling to anybody. In Stealing Duffy chooses to put camera on its own line. A camera usually captures images of happy moments or contains family pictures also a camera never lies illustrating to the reader that the narrator wants to be in a happy moment or in a family picture. Finally the three one-word lines in Originally are understand, think and boys. Understand and think are both imperatives suggesting that they could be directed slightly toward the reader. Girls is a one-word line in The captain of the 1964 Top of the Form Team and serves to suggest what the young narrator might be pre-occupied by: or annoyed by! In Stealing the speaker repeats I several times, possibly illustrating the characters egotism. The speaker could be self-centred as a result of his alienation as he does not have any friends to be fond of and talk to, so he has withdrawn from society. The speaker also seem to glamorise himself, thinking he is a film star for example, observing his actions dispassionately watching his gloved hand, sometimes he even seems to be speaking lines from a script, for example, I sigh like this Aah portraying to the reader that the speaker does not understand the reason why nobody wants to be his friend and assumes it is because they are jealous of him, this also explains his egotism. The line, I joy-ride cars/to nowhere, is eye catching as the two words joy-ride and nowhere contrast and they are almost an oxymoron, this clever technique creates tension as the readers brain does not understand how the two words go together, supporting the overall theme of alienation. Some of the language in the poem is very aggressive and destructive, for example, Im so bored I could eat myself, and The slice of ice within my own brain, exposing how the speakers feeling about his situation of being alienated. It almost makes us sympathise with the speaker as we realize the amount of suffering he/she undergoing (interestingly the reader is not given any strong evidence to reinforce whether the narrator is male or female however, in my own opinion I consider the speaker to be a male as he manages to carry the snowman and strength is usually associated with men, additionally the character steals the snowman and finds it thrilling to think that children would cry when they realise the snowman has gone, one would not expect a woman to think like this as woman are associated with loving and caring for their children). Another interpretation of the aggressive language could be that the speaker is a slightly aggressive person naturally and this could be the reason people have isolated him because they feel threatened by him. Furthermore, the way in which the poem seems to be answering a question, The most unusual thing I have ever stolen? implying the entire poem is a response to a question we have asked and likewise the poem ends as if the character is directly addressing the reader, for example, You dont understand a word Im saying, do you? makes the reader jump and realise that he does not know what the speaker is talking about, as the reader cannot comprehend the idea of stealing a snowman. This explains why the speaker in the poem has been alienated, as people cannot understand him and his ways. In the same way, Education for Leisure repeats I several times throughout the poem to show the characters self-obsession revealing how alienated the speakers are as they focus the conversation with the reader on themself. Colloquialisms, such as bog, make the speaker even more realistic and prosaic, this is eye-catching as Dufy really tries to make the poem as realistic as possible consequently the reader really understands the situation and almost sympathises with the narrator which is unnerving. The word kill, is also repeated a lot, the speaker feels under appreciated because of the treatment he is receiving from others. He does not want to be isolated anymore and therefore feels he needs to play the role of god to achieve some sort of status so that he is recognised. This reveals the speakers frustration. His frustration gives him the compulsion to express himself through violence; Today, I am going to kill something. Therefore he murders the goldfish, the fly and potentially the reader. Another interpretation of why the speaker wants to play the role of God is that he may want to be in control of his life and be able to change the life of someone else. This is almost the same as Stealing though more extreme: the speaker in Stealing steals the snowman in order to be friends with it but this does not happens so he destroys it by contrast in Education for Leisure the speaker has given up trying to make friends and instead results to destructive tendencies. Unlike the other two speakers, the character in Originally is not alienated throughout the whole poem. He is less self-centred and self-assured as she talks about other subjects other than himself, such as her family and her home country, for example, My brothers cried, one of them bawling Home. Contrasting with the other two poems there is no aggressive or destructive language. However, similar to the other two poems Duffy tries to make the poem very realistic, she uses quotes of the character talking to his/hers parents, I want our country, this is successful in making the reader have empathy for the speaker. The use of alliteration on stanza three, seeing, swallow, slug, skelf and shame could symbolise a snake hissing representing evil on the other hand it could represent the sound of the air coming out of a balloon demonstrating that the narrators energy I running out or it could represent a big change to a small change. Interestingly all three poems are written in the first person however, when we read it to ourselves it does not sound like our voice which is usual as anything written in the first person usually sounds like our own voice making us feel slightly alienated. The imagery in Stealing is very inventive and successful when conveying the theme of alienation. The general image of the whole poem is a dark, empty street with a snowman in the centre of it. The coldness and loneliness of the snowman is frequently related to the body of a human. For example, the ice within my own brain, and chill piercing my gut. This is thought provoking as it could be symbolising the coldness and seclusion of the speaker hence revealing feelings and thoughts. Duffy also uses an interesting contrast with the destruction of the snowman, Then I was standing amongst lumps of now,' and I nicked the bust of Shakespeare, she makes the contrast between creative and destructive: illustrating the harmful nature of the speaker even more to the reader, perhaps, explaining the reason why other people have isolated him. In the phrase, I wanted him, a mate, illuminates how desperate the speaker is for companionship. The term mate could be interpreted as a buddy, companion or a soul mate. This vague term suggests that the speaker does not mind who are his friends, comrade or soul mate and he just wants somebody to be with and talk to. In both Stealing and Education or Leisure both speakers come across as very self-centered. Alienation or the root of alienation could either cause this, as they do not have many people to talk to and think about. Similarly in Stealing there is an interesting reference to Shakespeare in the poem. It displays a link with one of Shakespeares tragedies called King Lear. A character in King Lear named Gloucester uses flies as a metaphor for the misery and suffering of men, As flies to want on boys are we to the gods, they kill us for they sport Gloucesters speech commended humanity and discourages cruelty and brutality. The speaker in the poem seems to have not understood the meaning of the speech, as the good values Gloucester encourages seem to be alien to him. When the speaker in Education for Leisure is compared to the character in Stealing it is hard to establish which person is more alienated than the other. The speaker in Stealing seems slightly saner and poses less of a risk to the lives of humans and animals. The character in Education for Leisure is in less control of his/her life and could even be insane. Another interpretation is that the speaker in both of the poems could be the same person in different stages of their life. In Originally there is a slight hint of Duffys childhood, as she had to once move to a different place away from her home country Ireland. This poem could be an expression of her feelings and thoughts at that time. She uses a lot of imagery that refers back to a mother. For example, our mother singing, and We came from our own country in a red room, the red room could be referring to a mothers womb from which all humans originate. The main reason I chose these three poems is that the speakers are all very similar to each other. It is almost as if they are the same person growing up and getting more and more affected by being isolated by other people. All the three speakers in these poems have been alienated in some way, mainly because they do not seem normal compared to the other people in their surroundings, so they have a sense of being outsiders. However, if the speakers are really alienated, it is a powerful and shocking technique that Duffy uses by ending her poems with a direct suggestion to the reader, for example, I touch your arm, and You dont understand a word Im saying, do you. The fact that they are talking to us could be said to make us complicit in their possible crimes and this is what makes these poems extremely disturbing and thought-provoking.

Free Essays on Kilbourne

Everyday we watch TV, read magazines, and walk around campus. This is a normal routine for us all; but what we don’t realize is that through all our regular activities we are being bombarded with ads that try to influence us in many ways. â€Å"Advertising is an over 100 billion dollar a year industry, and we are exposed to 2,000 ads a day† (Kilbourne 194). In fact American children are exposed to so many controversial ads that fourth grade girls are beginning to watch their weight. So where does this lead us you may ask. In â€Å"Beauty and the Beast of Advertising,† Jean Kilbourne brings to our attention just how much we are affected by the way America advertises. Kilbourne’s essay is an excellent one and I would highly recommend it to a freshman seminar professor. Through Kilbourne’s exciting facts and examples, not to mention the irrelativeness to college students, she displays how cultural influences and factors (such as advertising) shape atti tudes, ways of thinking and behaviors. Which is the purpose of the freshman seminar class according to the syllabus. The first reason that I would recommend â€Å"Beauty and the Beast of Advertising,† is because it would relate to the students in the freshman seminar class. As I stated before we are exposed to 2,000 ads a day (194). So quite obviously the issues presented in the essay have much to do with any American including the students of a freshman seminar class. They are all exposed to these ads and these ads affect each and every one of them. Also Kilbourne tells us, â€Å"Adolescents are particularly vulnerable, however, because they are new and inexperienced consumers and are the prime targets of many advertisements† (194). All of the students in the freshman seminar class are either still in their adolescent years or just coming out of them so they have all experienced how ads can change your views. I know that in my composition class we read this article and the reaction was... Free Essays on Kilbourne Free Essays on Kilbourne Everyday we watch TV, read magazines, and walk around campus. This is a normal routine for us all; but what we don’t realize is that through all our regular activities we are being bombarded with ads that try to influence us in many ways. â€Å"Advertising is an over 100 billion dollar a year industry, and we are exposed to 2,000 ads a day† (Kilbourne 194). In fact American children are exposed to so many controversial ads that fourth grade girls are beginning to watch their weight. So where does this lead us you may ask. In â€Å"Beauty and the Beast of Advertising,† Jean Kilbourne brings to our attention just how much we are affected by the way America advertises. Kilbourne’s essay is an excellent one and I would highly recommend it to a freshman seminar professor. Through Kilbourne’s exciting facts and examples, not to mention the irrelativeness to college students, she displays how cultural influences and factors (such as advertising) shape atti tudes, ways of thinking and behaviors. Which is the purpose of the freshman seminar class according to the syllabus. The first reason that I would recommend â€Å"Beauty and the Beast of Advertising,† is because it would relate to the students in the freshman seminar class. As I stated before we are exposed to 2,000 ads a day (194). So quite obviously the issues presented in the essay have much to do with any American including the students of a freshman seminar class. They are all exposed to these ads and these ads affect each and every one of them. Also Kilbourne tells us, â€Å"Adolescents are particularly vulnerable, however, because they are new and inexperienced consumers and are the prime targets of many advertisements† (194). All of the students in the freshman seminar class are either still in their adolescent years or just coming out of them so they have all experienced how ads can change your views. I know that in my composition class we read this article and the reaction was...

The Five Main Types of Adverbs in English

The Five Main Types of Adverbs in English Adverbs are one of the  eight parts of speech  and  are used to modify verbs. They can describe how, when, where, and how often something is done. Here is a guide to the five types of adverbs. Adverbs of Manner Adverbs of manner provide information on how someone does something. Adverbs of manner are most often used with action verbs. Adverbs of manner include:  slowly, fast, carefully, carelessly, effortlessly, urgently, etc.  Adverbs of manner can be placed at the end of sentences or directly before or after the verb.   Examples Jack drives very carefully.He won the tennis match effortlessly.She slowly opened the present.   Adverbs of Time and Frequency Adverbs of time provide information on when something happens. Adverbs of time can express a specific time such as  in two days, yesterday, three weeks ago, etc.  Adverbs of time are usually placed at the end of sentences, though they sometimes begin a sentence. Examples Well let you know our decision next week.I flew to Dallas three weeks ago.Yesterday, I received a letter from my friend in Belfast. Adverbs of frequency are similar to adverbs of time except that they express how often something happens. Adverbs of frequency are placed before the main verb. They are placed after the verb be.  Here is a list of the most common adverbs of frequency beginning with the most often to the least often: alwaysalmost alwaysusuallyoftensometimesoccasionallyseldom  rarelyalmost nevernever Examples He seldom takes a vacation.Jennifer occasionally goes to the movies.Tom is never late for work.   Adverbs of Degree Adverbs of degree provide information concerning how much of something is done. These adverbs are often placed at the end of a sentence. Examples They like playing golf a lot.She decided that she doesnt enjoy watching TV at all.  She nearly flew to Boston, but decided not to go in the end.   Adverbs of Place Adverbs of place tell us where something happened. They include works such as  nowhere, anywhere, outside, everywhere, etc.   Examples Tom will go anywhere with his dog.Youll find that there is nowhere like home.She found the box outside.   Formation Adverbs are usually formed by adding -ly to an adjective. quiet - quietly, careful - carefully, careless - carelessly Adjectives ending in -le change to -ly. possible - possibly, probable - probably, incredible - incredibly Adjectives ending in -y change to -ily. lucky - luckily, happy - happily, angry - angrily Adjectives ending in -ic change to -ically. basic - basically, ironic - ironically, scientific - scientifically Some adjectives are irregular. good - well, hard - hard, fast -fast Sentence Placement Adverbs of Manner: Adverbs of manner are placed after the verb or entire expression (at the end of the sentence). Their teacher speaks quickly. Adverbs of Time: Adverbs of time are placed after the verb or entire expression (at the end of the sentence). She visited her friends last year. Adverbs of Frequency: Adverbs of frequency are placed before the main verb (not the auxiliary verb). He often goes to bed late. Do you sometimes get up early? Adverbs of Degree: Adverbs of degree are placed after the verb or entire expression (at the end of the sentence). Shell attend the meeting as well. Adverbs of place: Adverbs of place are generally placed at the end of a sentence. She walked out of the room to nowhere.   Important Exceptions Some adverbs are placed at the beginning of a sentence to provide more emphasis. Now you tell me you cant come! Adverbs of frequency are placed after the verb to be when used as the main verb of the sentence. Jack is often late for work. Some adverbs of frequency (sometimes, usually, normally) are also placed at the beginning of the sentence for emphasis. Sometimes I visit my friends in London.

Mental Health Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Mental Health Law - Essay Example The practitioner is within the law if he chooses to extend the stay of the patient at the hospital provided his observations find such a recommendation necessary. The law does not expressly state whether the patient or a person close to them has a right to be consulted in the making of this decision. Section 3 is identical to section 2. The only difference is that the focus has now shifted from assessment to actual treatment. Therefore the criterion in the previous section warrants this move. The other distinction between section two and three is that the previous one deals with ‘admission’ for treatment while the latter deals with ‘detention’ for treatment. The practitioner up to this point is within the law. The detention, unlike the admission can run to a period of up to six months and can also be extended. The involvement of his sister is not a mere coincidence however. This brings the whole issue of guardianship into the picture. Guardianship is covered under section 7 of the Mental Health acc, 1983. The guardian can be an authority in social services. This is clearly the case with his sister. The section also states that the social services person can decide the residence of a person. In this case his sister’s recommendation of detention carries the day. The only question is to what extent the powers of the guardian extend. A family tug of war however emerges amidst all this regarding whether the detention should go ahead or not. However, this should not interfere with the care that the patient receives. There are violations of his rights that might be the result of family ties and even his sexual orientation. The imposition of a dress code on his part is evidence of this. The fact that his rights are not spelt out to him at the start is also evidence of violation. It seems in this case that there is on effort on the part of the medical staff to detain the

Assisted suicide Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Assisted suicide - Research Paper Example By definition, differential association is a theory suggesting that through interaction, people discover techniques, attitudes, values, and motives for immoral behavior. In contrast, self-derogation is a theory predicting that low self-worth motivates the young to try out criminal behaviors that are meant at re-establishing sense of worth. This is a paper that critically examines assisted suicide through the use of differential association theory and self-derogation theory. Crime: Assisted Suicide Life can have different meanings and impressions on different people. Some people might see it as the need of having a continued well functioning of human body and the brain. Others might see it as the continued long term experience with the life of a human being (Miller 25). Many doctors have been able to perform some physician-assisted suicide, which sees a doctor sets up some machine and the patient ends up killing him or herself. On the hand, euthanasia also is an act which is done by t he doctor to kill a patient. There have been two argumentation points on this grave issue. One of the sides has been on whether an individual should be permitted to bring his or her precious life to an end. The other one of questions has been on the person who is obliged to make the decision in ending one’s life. Such has brought much debate on the issues (Peterson & Otsuki 3). While there is the outstanding difference between what is known as assisted suicide with the euthanasia, the two conflicting arguments have always existed. Many people have always been opposed to this assisted suicide performances due to the fact that their own religious beliefs propose the opposite since such a practice violates human existence, and since God should decide the person who should die. However, some religious groups and faiths have always believed in this form of assisted suicide by physicians. Continued arguments have proposed that these assisted suicides on patients in pain might be le gal in helping the people (Gunn & Maimon 309). This is so since such patients do live all their days wishing whether they could die and bring an end to their pain and suffering. Sigmund Freud was an example who ordered his physician to inject him with morphine and bring his life to an end. Such was an assisted suicide and an end to his pain. This places a great interest on this right to die or live which is on the person’s own decision. One the other hand, when it comes to the decision of ending the life of an individual and the right to death, there is a very difficult and hard decision which has to be considered by the people concerned. While the practice has been banned in some areas, most of the places and states have been in favor of the physician-assisted deaths and suicide in ending the pains on patients whose periods to live is less than six months. Suicide should hence be seen as a destruction of an individual’s own body (Miller 29). When the doctor does help an individual bring an end on the life of a given patient in some unending pain, then it is something which has been greatly argued on by majority of individuals. As well, many issues have been raised on the whether a patient should be allowed to decide for the kind of decision he or she is about to make towards ending his life, or whether it should be duty of the family to come up with such a decision. The decisions of the patient and the family might be varying, and thus the law should

Marketing Energy Drinks to Americas Youth Essay Example for Free

Marketing Energy Drinks to Americas Youth Essay As I started collecting information for this paper, I soon realized that the energy drink industry is a very small (18 percent) part of the beverage industry, but a very dominant part to say the least. Interestingly, the major players in the industry, Monster Energy, Red Bull, and Rockstar, have intentionally veered away from the conventional mediums used to promote products. They instead have chosen marketing mediums that appeal more to their target markets and the â€Å"live life on the edge† lifestyles that they live. Monster for example, shies away from mass market advertising; instead they focus all of their sales efforts and marketing muscle on sponsoring action sports athletes, artists and musical, events and tours. All of this ties in with the company’s overall philosophy that Monster isn’t just a beverage, but a lifestyle brand (Landi). â€Å"The key is for us (Monster) to retain what we do best, which is marketing in an unconventional way and keep that feel for the brand,† said Rodney Sacks, CEO of Hansen Natural Corp. â€Å"Monster is all about action sports, punk rock music, partying, girls, and living life on the edge† (Landi). The companies that produce energy drinks are using the current popularity of action sports such as motocross, skateboarding, BMX, etc. , to showcase their products and to further brand awareness. It’s not coincidental that the demographic that participates in these sports and idolizes its professional athletes are also the same demographic that consumes energy drinks. You’ll see very few TV commercials or print ads promoting energy drinks but when you turn on the ESPN produced X-Games, just about every athlete participating is sponsored by Red Bull, Monster, or Rockstar. John Lee, director of sports marketing for Monster Energy Drink says, â€Å"We don’t do print ads or television. We strictly have promoted our brand through athletes and the events that the athletes compete in. † With our current generation (Gen – Y) of young Americans being the first to really grow up with the Web, it is important for marketeers to embrace the use of the internet as a vital marketing tool and communication medium (Ness). â€Å"This group has a lot of lifetime ahead of them and that makes their Lifetime Value (LTV) high for marketers,† says Greg Ness, Chief Strategy Officer, Burst Media. Ness was also quick to point out that, â€Å"one-third of current college students spend 10 or more hours online per week and one-fifth spend 20 hours or more online. † Ness concludes, â€Å"Their time online exceeds the amount of time they are spending watching TV or listening to the radio. † Monster has recently starting using the internet as a recruiting / marketing tool of sorts when they introduced the â€Å"Monster Army. † The Army is a â€Å"grassroots marketing outreach community that also locates up-and-coming athletes seeking sponsorship opportunities† (Campanelli). In the past few years, more than 50,000 athletes (recruits) have signed up as members of the Monster Army where more than 1,000 of them are currently sponsored through the program. â€Å"It’s been a very successful program, our Army members are out there spreading the word about our products, telling ten of their friends who in turn tell ten of their friends, it’s a snowball effect† (Lee). In addition Monster has also recently announced an exclusive relationship with the Loop’d Network, a social media platform exclusively for online sports communities. The Loop’d Network currently boasts more than 200,000 members worldwide (Campanelli). The history of energy drinks is much deeper than most would imagine. Japan is credited for pioneering the energy drink phenomenon, but the first mass produced energy drink was called Lucozade, and was launched in 1929, in the UK (Research Wikis). It wasn’t until Red Bull, which was first launched in 1987, and introduced the United States to the world of energy drinks a decade later that the energy drink industry really took off (Reuters). Red Bull might have had the first big impact on the market in 1997, but Monster, launched in 2002, by Hansen Natural Corp. has clearly made a strong impression on the market. With its initial market share of 12 percent in 2003, Monster now has a 30 percent hold on the market while Red Bull maintains 25 percent (Reuters). Past portrayals of energy drinks were for the most part all negative as energy drinks are not regulated by the FDA and most contain large amounts of sugar, sodium, and caffeine, among other things. Some brands and flavors have a caffeine content that can range from a modest 50 mg. to an alarming 505 mg. per can (Reissig). For example, an 8. 3 oz. can of Red Bull contains 76 mg. of caffeine which is about twice what a 12 oz.can of Coke contains (LeBlanc). A 16 oz. can of Monster contains about 14 teaspoons of sugar and 200 calories (LeBlanc). So what are all of these â€Å"negative† energy boosting drinks doing to our bodies? A recent study done by Wayne State University in Detroit showed that consumption of energy drinks increased blood pressure and heart rate levels in healthy adults that drank two cans a day (LeBlanc). With all of those negative aspects there must be something good in energy drinks. There is a long list of beneficial ingredients that can be found in most of the energy drinks on the market today. They include; vitamin B-complex, antioxidant vitamins C and E, the amino acid taurine, bee pollen, inositol, glucuronolactone, and herbal extracts from ginseng, guarana, ginkgo biloba, horny goat weed, milk thistle, yerba mate, damiana, rosemary, skullcap, black seed, royal jelly, and white willow, among others (Berry). The overall benefits that energy drinks are said to produce include stress relief, sobering effects, an improved love life, increased stamina, sharper reflexes, heightened alertness, virility, and they’ll stimulate your metabolism (Berry). The demographic that energy drink companies are after is rather broad. While their number one consumer fits the description of a young white male between the ages of 16 to 25, energy drink companies are broadening their marketing horizons and are now looking at men, women, and children between the ages of 12 and 40 (LeBlanc). â€Å"Younger kids see drinking energy drinks as something their parents might disapprove of,† says Jim Karwowski of Power Brands. A market that has yet to be fully tapped into is the female consumer. While the number of female consumers has grown 74 percent over the last five years, women are still considered the minority population when it comes to energy drinkers. Almost 20 percent of men say they drink energy drinks while only 10 percent of women say they do (Francella). I’ll be using information gathered from a number of different research papers as well as reports produced from beverage industry insiders to substantiate my findings on the marketing techniques being used to lure America’s youth into becoming loyal consumers. Method: During this study I coded 60 magazines. I reviewed issues of Racer X Illustrated and Motocross Action Magazine looking for ads from energy drink companies. My goal was to find print ads directly from the energy drink companies themselves that promoted their product. Once found (if found), I would evaluate what the ad was about and what demographic the ad was targeting. I watched and coded 10 TV commercials (via YouTube) in an attempt to figure out if the messages shown were directed towards a particular market. The only â€Å"corporate made† TV commercials I was able to find were from Red Bull and Rockstar. I found a variety of homemade Monster commercials but none that would have been endorsed by the corporate office. With Red Bull, four of the ads were animated and four were of Red Bull sponsored athletes. The two Rockstar commercials were based around music, one having a more psychedelic look while the other had a guitar player helping a stranded woman. My goal here was to evaluate what the ads were about and what demographic the ads was intended for. I reviewed and coded four web sites, three from energy drink companies and one from an action sports promotion company. My objective while evaluating these sites was to see what groups of people, whether it was men or women, and what age range was the information intended for. I found a vast amount of information to dissect and code from companies that are within the beverage industry. These are companies that do product reviews, market analysis, and product introductions, among other things. Two common messages that I repeatedly found in these articles revolved around college kids using energy drinks to mix with alcohol and the overall abuse of energy drinks. My objective here was to get an idea of how many college kids fall into one of these two groups. Although my options were limited due to a lack of documentation from other academic researchers, I was able to find, evaluate, and code information from four other academic research papers. I was able to find these documents after an exhaustive search using Lexis Nexis, Psychinfo, and the Social Science Citation Index via the Joyner Library. I came across a huge inventory of other academic research papers that were based on similar subjects, but to gain access to more than the first paragraph I would have had to sign up for subscriptions and pay fees. I’m hoping that my frugalness will not negatively impact my grade and hope the information that I was able to obtain and evaluate will satisfy the requirements of this paper. While evaluating and coding the different mediums I looked at the overall tone of the material. Was the tone very harsh and bold, which would possibly be directed more towards college aged males? Was the tone very light hearted and fun which would be more appealing to a younger population and/or women? Or lastly, did the ad have some sexual overtones and innuendos which could either be directed at young men or women? Results: Being a subscriber of Racer X Illustrated and/or Motocross Action Magazine for the last 30 years, I have found that I look at many of the ads in those magazines in a rather numb, non-consuming state of mind. I’ve seen the ads so many times that I know all about the companies and their products so I don’t pay much attention to them. To my surprise, after looking at 60 different magazines that were printed over a span of five years, I didn’t find a single ad that was specifically advertising the actual energy drink. I found a large variety of ads that were promoting energy drink sponsored events, but none for the drinks themselves. The majority of the sponsored events were either motocross races, action sports events, or alternative rock concerts (the Vans Warped Tour) and bands (Linkin Park). If I was to describe the age, sex, and race of the attendees of these events it would probably be predominantly 16 – 25 year old, white, males. Although I didn’t find any product ads in the magazines it was nearly impossible to turn a page and not find pictures of riders or motorcycles that didn’t have the name or logo of an energy drink showing. I felt the four animated Red Bull commercials could be perceived as trying to target the very young viewers and the female market as much as anything else. They were light hearted, funny cartoons that weren’t big, bold, and overbearing. The four Red Bull commercials featuring their sponsored athletes were very action packed and intense. They included Robbie â€Å"Mado† Madison jumping his motorcycle onto the roof of a building in Las Vegas, â€Å"B-boy Ronnie† freestyle break dancing, big wave surfer Ian Walsh, and stunt plane pilot Kirby Chambliss. While the animated commercials carried the pitch, â€Å"Red Bull Gives You Wings,† the commercials with the athletes concluded with the athlete saying, â€Å"Welcome to my World, the World of Red Bull. † These action driven commercials were in my opinion made for the thrill seeking male consumer between the ages of 16 to 25. I also found that Red Bull’s marketing plan has the brand pursuing traditional advertising such as TV commercials as its last phase of product market development (Hein). â€Å"Media is not a tool that we use to establish the market,† says Red Bull’s Vice President of Marketing, David Rohdy. â€Å"The idea is to reinforce, not introduce the brand. Only when a market is deemed mature does the company begin a media push,† concluded Rohdy. Red Bull typically creates two new TV spots each year and runs them in their â€Å"mature markets† (Hein). The four web sites that I reviewed and coded were the corporate web sites of Red Bull: http://www. redbull. com/ , Rockstar Energy Drink: http://www. rockstar69. com/ , Monster Energy: http://www. monsterenergy. com/. In addition to the three top selling energy drink brands I also looked at Alli Sports: http://www. allisports. com/ the promoter of some of the biggest action sports series and events in the world. Themes that were consistent with all four of the sites were action, youth, and energy, energy, energy. The Red Bull site was the most clean cut and professional looking site out of the three beverage sites. I’m not saying that the Rockstar and Monster sites were cheaply made, or have an unprofessional appearance, but the Red Bull site looks like something you would present to share holders of the company. It has the least amount of â€Å"boldness† of the three beverage sites, but is packed full of well filmed video clips showing off their sponsored athletes. I don’t know if the fact that the corporate base for Red Bull is in Austria has anything to do with the web sites visual appeal, but it’s definitely a different approach than its competition took. With the look and accessibility of this site and its features I felt like it was geared for an older more mature audience. I didn’t see the sight selling the sexual appeal of women as much as I did on the Rockstar site. I think Red Bull’s site would appeal to both men and women ages 15 to 40. The Rockstar site was definitely the edgiest of the three beverage sites. Just on the home page alone you see ads for mixed martial arts fights and heavy metal concerts that the brand is sponsoring. If you look further down you can watch a short video clip of five beautiful, big breasted women posing on motorcycles and race cars. There’s also links that talk about the variety of products they offer as well as links to the various music and sports events that they sponsor to include the sponsored bands and athletes that participate in those events. I felt that the Rockstar site was definitely geared for young, white, males, ages 15 to 30. Overall I thought that the site had a very harsh tone to it and women probably wouldn’t appreciate it. With a mix of the fighters and rock concert promotions flashing on the screen a viewer might even feel some rage building inside while viewing the site. The Monster site was all about speed. The home page had a constantly changing look that showcased many Monster sponsored racers. The site overall was neatly laid out. It didn’t have as clean and crisp of a look as Red Bull had but it wasn’t as busy as the Rockstar site was. The site was easy to navigate and was very appealing to the eye. I feel the overall look of the site and the message that it gives was directed more towards the young, white, male between the ages of 15 and 35. The site is very dark, as the background is black, and has a hardcore feel and tone. I think women might be turned off by that. One feature on the Monster site that is inviting to a broader fan / consumer base is the Monster Army. I think the idea of being a part of something is a selling point for many of today’s youth. I think the Monster Army is an appealing environment for both sexes with an age range of 12 to 40. The Alli Sports web site focuses on the promotion of the action sports events that they promote. Although Alli Sports doesn’t have direct sponsorship deals with any of the leading energy drink companies, all of the athletes that are sponsored by those companies participate in Alli Sports produced events. The same demographic that participates in BMX, motocross, wakeboarding, skateboarding, and other alternative action sports that Alli promotes also consume energy drinks. I feel the Alli site is geared more towards the fans of action sports which could be male or female between the ages of 12 and 40. It’s a very bright web site and has a low key and fun overall tone to it. Both the articles I found from industry insiders as well as the academic research papers that I found voiced similar issues and concerns. One issue of concern and importance addressed the use of energy drinks by college students. I was unaware of the fact that many energy drinks are on the list of nutritional supplements banned by the NCAA. Caffeine is a stimulant and college athletes will fail a drug test if the concentration of caffeine in their sample is 15 micrograms per milliliter. That would be the equivalent of slamming five to 10 cups of coffee before a game (Moritz). Another concern that researchers have is the increasing number of college students that are consuming alcohol mixed with energy drinks. In the fall of 2006, 4,271 college students from 10 universities in North Carolina were surveyed about their consumption of energy drinks, alcohol, and the combination of the two. The results of the survey showed that 697 of the students had consumed one or more energy drinks within the last 30 days, and one-quarter of the students said that they mixed alcohol and energy drinks. Looking at the amount of energy drinks consumed by the two sexes it was discovered that men drank on average 2. 49 energy drinks per month while women drank 1. 22 drinks per month. Students who were young, male, white, intramural athletes, and fraternity members or pledges, were significantly more likely to drink energy drinks that those in other demographics (O’Brien, Miller). With college students’ taking heavier class loads and the ever present concern of one’s grades, caffeine abuse has been on the rise on college campuses. There has been an increase in reports of caffeine intoxication from the mass consumption of energy drinks as well as an overall an increase in the number of students that are dealing with caffeine dependence and withdrawal issues (Reissig). The poison control center in Chicago has handled 265 cases of caffeine abuse involving energy drinks in the last three years. The users’ average age was under 21 (LeBlanc). Interpretation: Based on information I reviewed, I feel that the energy drink industry is very strong and will continue to grow. I think the marketeers of the energy drinks are doing a great job at getting visibility for their products and they’re focusing on a set consumer demographic that has huge spending power. The youth and college students today are easily influenced and have a strong influence on the products their peers buy. The studies show that because these energy drink companies are gaining brand loyalty from their consumers at a young age that the odds are in their favor that they will become lifelong consumers. Taking the unconventional route to marketing may or may not be any cheaper than doing normal TV spots that Coke and Pepsi do. Either way, the leaders of the energy drink market are making it work for them. From a financial standpoint, I think the return on investment will come faster in the energy drink industry than it ever has in any other aspect of the beverage industry. Selling 8 oz. cans for over $2 a can is a quick way to make money. Red Bull, Monster, and Rockstar are dominating the energy drink industry when it comes to consumer preference with white male’s ages 12 to 40, but what about the ladies? The industry has yet to scratch the surface of the young female consumer market. Granted, there aren’t too many professional female athletes participating in alternative sports yet, but there are other lines of approach that the industry needs to consider. I remember seeing a bumper sticker once that said, â€Å"Girls Kick Ass. † It is that same kick ass mentality that has made energy drinks as popular as they are today. I think it will only be a matter of time before we see one of the power players in the energy drink industry come out with a product specifically marketed towards women. Maybe a black Monster can with a hot pink claw mark rather than the green one, who knows?! I foresee the FDA getting involved sooner than later with regulations on how much sugar, sodium, and caffeine can be in each product. I don’t feel that mixing energy drinks and alcohol is that big of a problem and personally hope laws don’t get created to prohibit such mixes. I think that if an individual is going to consume alcohol irresponsibly, they are going to do it regardless on the fact that an energy drink is or isn’t part of their drink selection. Bibliography: Campanelli, M. and Lee, J. , eMarketingandCommerce. com (2007). â€Å"Social Media Tips from Monster Energy† (accessed June 9, 2009). Available at: http://www. emarketingandcommerce. com/view/106 Landi, H. , Hall, M. , and Sacks, R. , Beverage World (2009) â€Å"Monster Energy: A Mighty Force† (accessed June 9, 2009) Available at: http://www. beverageworld. com/content/view/35687/ Scribd, BevNet, Research Wikis (2006) â€Å"Research Wikis Energy Drink marketing Research† (accessed June 10, 2009) Available at: http://www. scribd. com/doc/3259151/ResearchWikis-Energy-Drinks-Marketing-Research Rajan, A. , Reuters (2009) â€Å"Hansen’s Monster Takes the Fight to Red Bull’s Turf† (accessed June 10, 2009) Available at: http://www. reuters. com/article/ousiv/idUSTRE5313N320090402 Francella, B. , CS News Online (2008) â€Å"Energy Drink Sales Growth Running Out of Steam? † (accessed June 10, 2009). Available at: http://www. csnews. com/csn/index. jsp Search: â€Å"Energy Drink Sales† Berry, B., Agri-Food Trade Service (2008) â€Å"The Energy Drink Segment in North America† (accessed June 11, 2009) Available at: http://www. ats. agr. gc. ca/us/4387_e. htm LeBlanc, P. , Austin American Statesman (2008). â€Å"The Buzz on Energy Drinks – Energy Drinks Booming in Popularity† (accessed June 11, 2009) Available at: http://www. statesman. com/ Search: â€Å"The Buzz on Energy Drinks† Hein, K. , and Rohdy, D. , Brandweek (2001) â€Å"A Bull’s Market – the Marketing of Red Bull Energy Drink† (accessed June 11, 2009) Available at: http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m0BDW/is_22_42/ai_75286777/?tag=content;col1 Moritz, A. , Tribune Business News (2008). â€Å"Think Before Using an Energy Drink: Colleges† (accessed June 11, 2009) Available at: http://proquest. umi. com. jproxy. lib. ecu. edu/login? COPT=REJTPUc2 Search in the ProQuest Research Library database: â€Å"Think Before Using an Energy Drink: Colleges† Reissig, C. J. , Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (2009) â€Å"Caffeinated Energy Drinks – A Growing Problem† (accessed June 11, 2009) Available at: http://web. ebscohost. com. jproxy. lib.ecu. edu/ehost/search? vid=1hid=6sid=5b788385-77d0-43c3-8372-037638da0fc6%40SRCSM2 Search in the PsycINFO database: â€Å"Caffeinated Energy Drinks – A Growing Problem† O’Brien, M. C. , Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Winston Salem, NC (2008) â€Å"Caffeinated Cocktails: Energy Drink Consumption, High-Risk Drinking, and Alcohol- Related Consequences Among College Students† (accessed June 11, 2009) Available at: http://apps. isiknowledge. com. jproxy. lib. ecu. edu/summary. do? qid=2product=WOSSID=1BONI6HlgO3hemOl6fPsearch_mode=GeneralSearch. Miller, K. E. , SUNY Coll Buffalo, Res Inst Addict, Buffalo, NY – Journal of American College Health (2008) â€Å"Wired: Energy Drinks, Jock Identity, Masculine Norms, and Risk Taking† (accessed June 11, 2009) Available at: http://apps. isiknowledge. com. jproxy. lib. ecu. edu/summary. do? qid=5product=WOSSID=1BONI6HlgO3hemOl6fPsearch_mode=GeneralSearch Ness, G. , Chief Strategy Officer, Sundog. net (2006) â€Å"Marketing to College Students 101 (accessed June 11, 2009) Available at: http://www. sundog. net/sunblog/posts/marketing-to-college-students-101/.

Comparing the Use of Images in The Other Wife and The Story of an Hour

Comparing the Use of Images in The Other Wife and The Story of an Hour The Other Wife and The Story of an Hour are two short stories both seemingly similar and contrasting in different ways. In Chopin’s story we see that Louise Mallard reveals her ironically natural feeling of joy and freedom following the news of her husband’s death. Louise’s sensation of freedom is conveyed through the use of vivid natural images and color. While in Colette’s story the two female protagonists contrastingly suffer from repression while the other practices freedom and liberty. These contrasting feelings are conveyed by the usage of various color images. Both Chopin and Colette address the theme of freedom and liberty from male control through the indirect use of natural, color, and vivid imagery. More often, the natural images are associated with the setting and the atmosphere, while color imagery is repeatedly linked to the physical appearance of the characters. In The Story of an Hour Chopin’s use of natural images develop and convey the theme of female freedom and liberty. The image of window is one of the most fundamental symbols which puts across this theme. The window exemplifies the ‘monstrous joy’ and the ironically natural freedom Louise is feeling in her following the news of her husband’s death. This oxymoron can be defined as the feeling she knows is considered ‘monstrous’ by society who does not expect her to be glad at her husband’s death. The way in which she faces the ‘open window’ reveals the new beginning she is looking forward to and her realization of a fresh start without her husband. Furthermore, the author’s application of an image of a ‘tree’ that were ‘aquiver’ and the ‘countless sparrows’ whic... ...n Chopin’s The Story of an Hour there is less work for the readers’ to work out specific hidden meanings. It is much harder to work out meanings when Alice doesn’t answer when Marc says 'were satisfied†¦Aren’t we, darling?’ Throughout the course of the two stories The Other Wife and The Story of an Hour, the use of natural, color, and vivid images are an essential tool for both authors to convey the theme of freedom and liberty from male control. The use of the various types of imagery shows the similar techniques Colette and Chopin shared. However, there are some minor differences these two stories shared, such as the use of dialogues and narratives as well as one being more symbolic than the other. The use of imagery is just a very small part of all the other features the writers used to develop the theme of female Freedom & Rights from male control.

Enron And Ethics Essay

Having some detailed written code of ethics like Enron had is usually not enough. Enron had a 64 page code of ethics and incase you might be wondering, the pages were not blank. However, despite this, it went down. The organizations ought to infuse some integrity and ethics in their corporate structure and in their success definition. To be precise, Enron ethics were simply ignored by the management and the employees. In any organization, the functions of any department should be based on ethical values, competence, integrity and a clear accountability of financial matters. Enron totally ignored these functions thus leading to its bankruptcy. As the company’s reputation did grow globally, hence there was competition of the employees therefore leading to individual greed and also the generation of egotism in the company. Every employee wanted to earn more, achieve a lot and hence there was the high motivation by the company to succeed. Such an atmosphere leads to a tendency to distrust people as everybody is concerned with their personal interests. There were so many dealings in the finance section hence the company’s goals were underestimated as well as the business ethics. Therefore it is imperative to give an immense background on Enron’s collapse and various views that can be deducted from its collapse. Enron’s, history, collapse the whistleblowers and conflicts The main issue which led to its downfall lay comfortably in the department of the operations management. At one time the company was receiving lots of praises from outsiders and then it was mounted with a decentralized control in the finance sector and also their decision structure gave an unclear and illogical picture on the activities of the company and its operations. Enron Corporation was one of the largest companies in Houston, Texas which used to sell natural gas, electricity and also distributed energy. It also offered other services for example bandwidth interest connections as well as offering financial services and providing management of risk services globally. The company gradually became powerful due to its initiative marketing strategies as well as the endorsement of communications and power bandwidth services and the offshoots of risk management. All these services got supervised by the department of operations management and other departments. Though the functions of these departments were executive in their nature, there was however lack of responsibility, integrity, control and creativity. The absence of these vital ethics did lead to the entire bankruptcy of the whole company. Kenneth lay who died three months before he was to be finally sentenced was the founder of Enron in the year 1985. He initiated the electricity sale and then afterwards US congress did pass legislation on the deregulation of natural gas. Enron before its collapse could report some annual revenues in the year 1990 of $ 10 billion and in the year 2000 to about $ 101 billion (Mark, 2002). In October 2, 2002, early in the morning, Andrew, Fastow who was Enron’s former chief and the financial officer did voluntarily surrender to the FBI agents and was led in hand cuffs to the car trailed by the television cameras and reporters. He was later taken to federal house and was charged with mail fraud, securities fraud, conspiracy, and money laundering. He was sentenced for ten years (Loren, 2003). In the 1990s, Enron was a universal lauded company that did transform all the old businesses and started creating new ones. However, the criminal complains did cap disclosures and revealed that it was poorly managed and had amplified its reliance on some convoluted business ordeals in order to maintain growth objectives and encourage some unbridled ingenuity that resulted to fraud. It is patent that the company had some poor internal controls and unreliable top managers. Enron came crushing in 2001 and filed for what could have been termed as the nation’s vast bankruptcy. What were the main causes of its down fall? First the financial statements of Enron were not transparent and did not give a clear detail on the finances and operations with analysts and shareholders. Second it had a complex business model that actually stretched on the accounting limits thus required the company to use the limitations of accounting in order to manage on its earnings as well as modify on its balance sheet to limelight a constructive depiction of its whole performance. It is completely patent in the Enron movie; these scandals had grown tremendously out of some steady accumulation of the values. Habits and actions that had already began many years before later going out of control. The top managers who were the whistleblowers like Jeffrey Skilling who was the chairman and Andrew Fastow contributed to the downfall. The auditor, Arthur Andersen, also got accused of reckless application standards in the audits out of conflict of interest over the vital consultancy fees that had been generated by this company. Finally, in November 28, of 2001, Enron was declared bankrupt. The company lost confidence in its investors and at the end had very little cash to run business and satisfy some hefty debts. Trade secrets and privacy in Enron Trade secret is by definition any information that the company keeps as a secret in order to offer them an advantage over other competitors. Basically Enron was a multi billion dollar company that had assets that were far flung that did rival those of other companies and countries thus there had to be some information on their weakness in order to bring them down that was unknown to some average citizens. According to Debka, the first hidden weakness of Enron was based on finance which could have made the competitors destroy the company fast. Enron hid hefty blocks of liabilities from investment company’s eyes through creation of shell companies to which they were basically shuffling debts. Since the outside companies had no tie to this company, there is no one in the investment community who realized how immensely in debt Enron was and how it was affecting on its pictures of profitability. The Enron executives knew that if this information if it was made public then the investors would end up selling their stock. Enron basically had to hide some hefty liabilities in their shell company to show the investors that they were still at a profit. The second weakness it had was the fact that it held some contracts on foreign soil thus depending on those countries to pay all their bills according to the agreement. All the conflicts of interest of this company were finally not solved as they accumulated and led to bankruptcy. All this later led to court cases where the convicts were sentenced. All this shows there was some extent of privacy. Kenneth lay already knew that Enron was undergoing some financial trauma but still went ahead to lie to the shareholders and the investors that the company was at its best shape. They kept their financial crisis a secret. Honesty and Enron The moral demand of transparency as well as honesty is the foundational principle in investing in the free markets. Any decision of any corporation to ignore some moral demands that are based on transparency and honesty in their financial arrangements should never be used like an excuse to smother the spirit of the entrepreneurial in aggressive situations (Philip, 2001). Analysts and the commentators analyzed on the hinge matter that led to the down fall of Enron. It is lucid that the demise of Enron did not lie in the deregulation of electric power but in some questionable practices of accounting by the company. Thus we can denote that honesty which is an ethical principal was not curtailed. Despite their higher earnings, in 2001 Jeffrey Skilling resigned for some disclosed reasons and Enron reported a loss of $ I billion because of poor performance. Despite the angle you look at the whole phenomenon, it is quite clear that there lacked honesty at Enron. In the documentary ‘Enron: the smartest guys in the room’ it depicts on some o the social evils like hubris, greed and lies that did bring Enron down. The film does a tremendous job of digging up a lot of dirty acts where the whistle blowers could tell some plain lies to the government, investors, and employees and make it sound very good. Virtues and Enron Despite the mischievous and questionable deeds by Enron, failing to credit them for some charity work they did will be questioning on our ethics too. Most media reports have reported on some good work that was done by Ken Lay, who is the former Enron’s CEO. With his family he gave generously to the church through the family’s charitable foundation which did hold over $ 50, 000,000 of all Enron stock in the year 2000 (Tim, 2010). Enron made some sufficient donations to the legitimate charities. (Francis, 2002). Utilitarianism and Enron Some theories and principles can be used to give an inner analysis on the situation at hand that led to this failure. Utilitarianism theory by John, Stuart Mill, does offer some straightforward method of approach in deciding the morally right action for all situations we find ourselves in. This is a theory that does consider what is good for everybody. To discover what we ought to do, we should identify first the divergent courses of actions that can be performed in the situation and all the future benefits as well as harms that can mount from that. Utilitarianism states that we should always take the course of actions that offers the most benefits when the costs have already been taken into full account (Manuel et al, 1989). In this case it is patent that utilitarianism concept was never used. The company since it already knew that it was going down to the drains could have come up with a strategy that was rational to save them from the predicament instead of fooling those around it that it was enjoying some benefits. They could have used this theory to look unto the future possibilities and work towards attaining sustainability. They should have been a global responsibility to advance in their financial aspects (Yvon, 2003). Egoism and Enron Unlike Utilitarianism, egoism theory states that individuals should only act to their own best interest and self interest. Egoism is basically not effectual for solving the moral conflicts. In Enron Company most people got away with this theory. Egoism is only based in addressing concerns that are based on satisfying our own desires and getting what we really want (Jelena & Kristijan 2008). The employees at Enron lost their jobs and life savings and the higher executives cashed in millions and received other millions in the bonuses for all the stock inflation thus bringing the company down. There were blatant interest conflicts that were overlooked, members of the board received hefty gifts from executives, millions were spent to discourage oversight and government regulations and warnings from within were ignored (Lawrence, 2002). That is pure egocentrism that should be discouraged in the workplaces.

How hunger and malnutrition influence the health and development of communities Essay

Discuss how hunger and malnutrition influence the health and development of communities .Then explain how community participation and national political commitment can help to address the effects of hunger and malnutrition ?. Firstly I will describe health, hunger and malnutrition , then discuss the social , physical and economic effects of hunger and malnutrition and illustrate how hunger and malnutrition are linked. I will explain community participation and show how it links to primary health care and the political commitment and .I will conclude by giving examples of community participation and national political commitment and as well as insight opinion as to how they can address the effect of hunger and malnutrition to improve the lives of those affected. â€Å"Health the state of complete physically ,mentally and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity â€Å" (United Nations 1974:4) health designates process of adaptation ,It designates the abilit y to adapt to changing environments and embraces the future. Hunger is a condition in which people do not get enough food to provide the nutrients for example carbohydrates ,fats proteins and minerals. Hunger occurs in three forms. 1. Acute –the starving skinned bones at this stage death is a loaming reality 2. Chronic hunger-is characterized by a constant lack of access to food of sufficient quality and quantity as well as lack of good health care and caring practices . 3. Hidden hunger –results from quality diet ,lack of balanced diet food and to lesser extent illness which will reduce appetite affects the body’s ability to use key nutrients. Malnutrition refers to improper consumption of food ,it is most commonly used to refer to under nutrition. Malnutrition mostly affect the poor but it is not just a problem among the poor ,it is about vulnerability not poverty . The social effect of hunger and malnutrition ,is the premature death and disability wreck havoc upon social institutions ,familial ties and civil society .Ma lnourished children endure poorer educational prospects than those who are well-fed ,with the resultant negative impact on their occupational opportunities. Eleven million children die each year before the age of five ,and the death of child can dissolve a marriage especially in African cultures .An estimated 60% of these children are vulnerable because  they are hungry (Regan 80:20 274). Under nutrition’s most damaging effects occur during pregnancy and in the first two years of life because this is when cognitive development is most rapid. The physical effect of hunger and malnutrition is stunded growth of a child .Children who are malnourished have longer and more severe illness that would not kill them if they weren’t malnourished. Malnourishment and undernourishment can affect for their entire lives. A malnourished individual may group with physical or cognitive disabilities and face a life of hardship as a result. Being malnourished or undernourished will make the body of the person physically weak that the person will not be able to do his/her day to day duties and will also lead to poor performance at work and as a result that person will loose the job and the company will have low production as well due to the lose of the staff. The effects of hunger and malnutrition in the economic factor .A malnourished individual may grow up with physical or cognitive disabilities also have a debilitating effects upon a country’s workforce and subsequently it is economic productivity. Medical cost can be long-lasting problem pregnancies often lead to the delivery underweight babies who require medical attention from the moment they are born .Malnutrition increases a child’s susceptibility to malaria , pneumonia, diarrhea or measles lead to a spiral of even further medical expenditure. Malnutrition and hunger are linked in the sense that they both lead to poverty and they are both caused by poverty .Hunger will lead to malnutrition ,malnutrition in pregnant women will lead to giving birth to underweight babies who require medical attention from the moment they are born ,which will cost the family some money and at the same time taking most of the families time of going to work or to do productive activities. Community participation is the process through which people gain control over the social ,political , economic and environmental factors that determine their health. The process of participation starts with an evaluation of the situation by everyone invo lved. During the process the community defines its most important health problems ,it decides or priorities finally the community participates in implementing monitoring and evaluating a health programme ,all these things are possible even when people are poor or illiterate. Community participation links to primary health care in sense that ,the community members are the one who participate in the primary health care. Primary  health care is essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families ,in the community through their full participation and at a cast that community can afford. National political commitment ,health services operate with a particular political structure .The decisions that determine the allocation of resources ,human resource policy and the availability and accessibility of services are primary political.

Cultural and language Essay Example

Cultural and language Essay Example Cultural and language Essay Cultural and language Essay The main hope of a nation lies in the proper education of its youth. This startlingly succinct quote by philosopher Erasmus exemplifies where to go next, or perhaps, first with emotional intelligence teachings. The fact that many parents can fill the role of emotional mentor to their children (as early as infancy) can be enormously beneficial was originally introduced by Harvard pediatrician T. Berry Brazelton. He adds, Parents need to understand how their actions can help generate the confidence, the curiosity, the pleasure in learning and the understanding of limits that help children succeed in life. Programs such as Head Start accentuate the acquisition of the social and emotional skills seemingly required for children to develop the readiness to learn. E. L. Schieffelin, author of Anger, Grief and Shame: Toward a Kaluli ethnopsychology, adds in regards to learning and emotional responses:  Children learn that how people feel in a particular situation is not only supposed to be natural, given the situation, but it is also socially expected, or even socially required. Thus in every society, the how and when to express feelings is taught by example, instruction, and the administration of reward and punishment from the time of infancy. Body language is clearly central to good communication and is particularly important when attempting to communicate across cultural and language barriers. In fact, body language is more important to people from other cultures than it is to most Americans. To native-born Americans, the spoken word is by far the most important communication tool. In other cultures, however, the way words are spoken (along with the gestures, posture and facial expressions that accompany those words) is of greater significance. Between 60-80% of our message is communicated through our Body Language, only 7-10% is attributable to the actual words of a conversation. Some psychologists claim that the impact you make on others depends on what you say (7%), how you say it (38%), and by your body language (55%). Since how you sound also conveys a message, 93% of emotion is communicated without actual words. Its often not what you say that influences others; its what you dont say. Its a given that, although there are some similarities, for the most part body language is culture specific. Fuad I. Khuri, a leading Middle East anthropologist, has observed that:  Body language is culture-bound, and therefore, the same gesture may convey different meanings in different cultures. Whereas kissing men signifies amity and friendship ties in Arab culture, in many western societies outside the Mediterranean it often indicates a homosexual commitment. The same goes for facial expressions. Psychologist Paul Eckman coined the term Display Rules (norms regarding the expected management of facial appearances), the expected facial expression varies culture to culture.  Anyone can become angry-that is easy. But to be angry with the right person, to the right degree, at the right time, for the right purpose, and in the right way-this is not easy. Philosopher Aristotle sums up the concept of emotional intelligence perfectly. By blending the sociohistorical, the physiological, the educational, and the kinesthetic, you have all the components needed for attaining a high Emotional Intelligence Quotient that will benefit anyone in most any situation. : Beier, Earnest. People Reading. New York: Scarborough House, 1989  Brazelton, T. Berry. The Brazelton Institute. 2001. brazelton-institute.com/index.html  Cacioppo, John T. Social Psychology. 2002-2003.

Sociology Paper Writing †Prompts and Tips

Sociology Paper Writing – Prompts and Tips Useful Tips on Writing a Good Sociology Paper Have you always been interested in people’s relations? Would you like to learn more about their interaction with society? In this case, you are probably good at writing amazing sociology papers. Sociology is a science that studies different aspects of our lives ranging from politics to religion and society. It highlights major conflicts between different types of social groups, displays individuals’ behavior and more. The science refers to actually every aspect of our lives from economy and psychology to commerce and other different fields. Although writing a sociology paper may seem to be rather easy, you need to follow several vital stages to provide an outstanding work that will result in higher marks. Just follow our useful writing tips to succeed during the course. Ways to Write a Decent Sociology Paper Unlike other types of the essay with a typical structure, this particular assignment requires more involvement, research, and discussion. Most students are familiar with baseline parts like introduction and conclusion. However, a brilliant sociology paper deals with something more than that. Introduction. There is nothing difficult about this part. Make sure you state the problem quite clear for the reader. A good idea is to include some common hypothesis and raise questions that are of great value for a chosen topic Once you are done with the introduction, you need to perform all your analytic skills. Choose as many literature sources as you can and do the research on the topic. There is nothing wrong in incorporating findings of other experts and scientists that have been already published. Methodology. At this stage, you will need to discuss methods and approaches that will help readers to solve and resolve problems arising in your paper. The clearer your methodology, the more validity your paper gets. Discussion. The stage is set the green flag drops. This is where you should start discussing your findings and providing outcomes. Using charts, graphs and other visual representations is certainly a good idea. Conduct surveys to highlight the main pros and cons of your particular theme. Details. At this stage, you need to stress all key points and provide the result of your work. Reference List. Make sure you indicate all sources in your reference list arranged on a separate page. If sociology paper writing still looks daunting, check our improved writing tips that will let you handle the task. Improved Sociology Writing Paper Tips Most students start facing difficulties at their first step when choosing the right topic for the paper. You can come across the list of topics while surfing the net for additional prompts or you can ask for professional writing assistance. If you handle the assignment yourself, here are the tips that may come in handy: Start with an outline and indicate all key points for the major paper; Use first paragraphs to state the problem and argument; Make sure you write a strong introduction and conclusion paragraphs. Those are the essential parts of your paper that will make a final impression on your readers; Keep an eye on your paper structure and make sure it meets all academic requirements. Feel free to browse for a sociology paper template on the web; Use real evidence only when it comes to building a strong argument and thesis statement. Include statistics and real-life data; Avoid using too many direct quotes. Paraphrasing them would be the best bet for the paper. Passive voice is hardly the best grammar construction for this type of academic paper; Amplified historical context will add validity to your paper. Mistakes to Avoid When Writing a Sociology Paper Although the task seems to be rather clear especially considering the above-mentioned prompts, many students still fail to avoid common mistakes when writing a sociology paper. They typically include: Spreading too much when speaking for details that require narrowing; Failing in effort to follow all requirements provided by the instructor; Problems with writing style, grammar and punctuation; Irrelevant or out-of-date information; The lack of logical connection between paragraphs. We do hope our tips will come in handy whenever you are assigned to write a sociology paper. If you till face difficulties, you can buy papers online.

Teacher professional development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Teacher professional development - Assignment Example Without a doubt, this is a great program to harness learning. As of now, no other educational institutions are taking a proactive approach towards this active learning. Hence, any foundation to cultivate learning is a good one. Moreover, it stimulates a social environment in which children have the appropriate environment to nurture themselves. Therefore, this program is necessary to continue and improve the system in the long-run. One of the main challenges of this program is that it is very dynamic, and does not possess a straight forward curriculum. Since there is no standardization of the curriculum, it becomes a challenge to embed these programs holistically. Additionally, many teachers and students lack the correct resources to train their students. This creates an ambiguity of a mutual symbiotic relationship in which students do not fully comprehend teachers. Another element towards the weakness of the program is culture. Culture forbids asking questions, which in essence creates a barrier for students to challenge thinking and grow their intellect. In order to rectify this, it is crucial to have an open dialogue between students and teachers that creates an aura of symbiotic

Small Business Entrepreneurship Assignment Essay

Small Business Entrepreneurship Assignment - Essay Example Source: Sofat & Hiro Q1b: What benefits, other than more capital, would a partner bring? If two or more individuals share capital in a business, it is recognised as a partnership. Partnership appears to be a beneficial for small businesses because it is the simplest form of business and the partners share the profits and loss of the company. In a start-up business, the risk of failure of business is high therefore, by sharing capital both partners share profit and loss, thereby, having less money at risk. In other words, the partners have the shared financial commitment. Second, the expertise and skills of the partner can improve the operational and financial performance of business. Third, partners have to fulfil very few legal formalities because these enterprises do not have legal status however, they need to have licences. Q1c: In 1996 Finch said ‘if I become your partner, we must have a written agreement –it’s illegal not to’. What are your views on th is? In a partnership business, the partners are not legally bound to undergo any legal agreement however, creating written agreements in partnership is important because of a number of reasons. Through a written agreements the two partners could have define the responsibilities and essential terms of the contract and in the case of any conflict between them, the written agreement could help them to resolve the issue. Therefore, in my opinion, the idea of Finch to make the written agreement is a good suggestion however, saying that its illegal not to have the written agreement is not right because in the legal framework of formation of a company in the UK, no legal agreements are required for the General Partnerships because these enterprises do not have a legal status. What advantages would there be in becoming a private limited company rather than taking on more partners? Rather than taking on more partners, become a private limited company has been advantageous for the company bec ause a private limited company has a legal identity. The business owns the property and assets of the company and unlike partnership assets and property are not owned by the partners. The partners are personally liable if a partnership business fails however, in a private limited company, the liability of the shareholders is only limited to the share they have in the shared capital. It means that if a partnership fails, the partners would be personally liable to sell their assets to pay off the loans and borrowings whereas, in the private limited company, the assets of the company would be sold. In other words, the personal assets of the shareholders or the director of the company cannot be used to pay off the loans and debts in a private limited company (Forma Company). Moreover, in a partner if more partners are added, the chances of conflicts and issues are increased whereas, in a private limited company shareholders are bound by the legal agreements and they have limited liabili ties which reduce the chances of conflicts. Q2a: In the case study it was said that the company ‘went public’. What effect would this have on the company’s name? The change in the company from a private limited company to a public company would have brought various benefits to the company. First, the value and recognition of the company would have increased because company got listed on the stock exchange which would have made it popular in the

Core Subsystems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Core Subsystems - Assignment Example The scheduler policies fail to receive priority from the memory managers. In such scenarios, there may de diverge allocations of the central processing unit (Torkkeli and Tuominen, pg. 277). Such a scenario may result to two main problems. For instance, there is the schedule oblivious; where scheduling policies fail to exist and even those who are operating, the systems do not use it. In addition to that, the core objective remains to maximize the final and overall faults. Such an approach deters the achievement of schedule goals. The scheduling aspects of the general systems are based on the priority purposes in all times. The input is kept at a high end at all times. Delaying of one priority task occurs for the sake of more than five low priorities. Real time operating systems have the mandate of managing the hardware aspects, which are found in the computer, and other applications installed in it. It remains very reliable it enhances measurement and general automation where the downtime remains a costly affair. The real time systems operate under maximal time. It does provide a high level of real time consistent timing (Grimmer and King, pg. 2647). A number of real-time systems are constructed and operate using the general systems. The operating system is at the chance of providing real time support though they are engineered for a robust real time production, with a number of unpredictability. The disk activity and schedule granularity is at a consistent angle. The critical difference between the general-purpose operations system and real-time operating system is all about the physical aspects of the system. It is all about the time sensitivity aspect. An example of a time conscious system is an automated machine, where one gets the money in not more than five seconds after request of the transaction. Such a system is critical in being time responsive. A personal computer does not portray such a time sensitivity aspect. When one is